Oka

Oka (Okataian: 丘 Oka officially the Okataian Federation, is a federal state in East Asia. Its neighbors include Teiko and Taiwan (officially the Republic of China, ROC). The federal government of Oka which has its seat in the capital of Oka City in the Oishi Special Administrative District currently exercises jurisdictions over 18 provinces. The etymology of Oka's name comes from the japanese word mountain and the myth of the “blue dragon” upon which the archipelago are the remains of a dead celestial dragon. Oka often refers itself as the “Heart of Asia” because of it's rich history and diverse culture. Oka has it's own spoken language Okataian, and designed it's own writing system Oto-Go.

Oka is a stratovolcanic archipelago of 580 islands covering approximately at least 170,000 sq. kilometers. The two main islands the northern and largest largest, Beito and the smaller southern island Haito make up over 90% of Oka's land area. Oka's population of almost 75 million people is the fourth highest in AIN. Approximately 18.1 million people live in Oka City, a new city constituted of four smaller cities : Oishi the former capital of the Okataian Empire, Kowan, Kenri and Doaku is the third largest metropolitan area among AIN member states.

Oka is one of the most advanced economies in Asia. The country's economy experienced a rapid annual growth of 20% fueled high annual export growth and massive centralized planning in 80's. Since then Oka has been an extremely active nation in terms of business with many investments from Europe, Asia and AIN nations since it joined in 2011. Oka is the fourth largest advanced economy in AIN, and according to James & Elise in 2012 Oka had the highest credit rating of any country in Asia, in 2017 Arashi and Kanjani rated Oka at AA+. Oka is considered as a major middle power and a regional player. Oka is a member of the Group of 20, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, World Trade Organization, United Nations and more recently TON.

Oka is a highly developed, advanced economy. Its citizens enjoy a very high standard of living having Asia's third highest median per-capita income and average wage with the world's 12th highest household income in AIN's List of AIN nations by GDP (PPP) per capita. Globally, it ranks among the highest in education, personal safety, job security, ease of doing business and healthcare quality with the world's highest life expectancy at 84.9 years. Oka is a leading nation in termps of prosperity such as Human Development Index, Happy Planet Index and Legatum Prosperity Index.

History
See History of Oka

Seojin period 서진
The Seojin period is traditionally dated from 300 BC to 300 AD. The earliest archaeological evidence of the Seojin is found on northern Beito, but that is still debated. Seojin culture quickly spread to the rest of the island of Beito and Haito. A recent study that used accelerator mass spectrometry to analyze carbonized remains on pottery and wooden stakes, suggests that they dated back to 900–800 BC, 500 years earlier than previously believed. The Seojin arrived to Oka via japan, but their ethnic origin is unique, indeed they share more resemblances to the Ainu people than Japanese. Archaeological evidence supports the idea that during this time, an influx of farmers from the Asian continent to Oka absorbed or overwhelmed the native hunter-gatherer population. the main arrivals in Oka and the main sites

The period's name means "First men". They were found in the Kowu suburb of Renagawa where archaeologists first uncovered artifacts and features from that era. Distinguishing characteristics of the Seojin period include the appearance of new Seojin pottery styles and the start of an intensive rice agriculture in paddy fields. A hierarchical social class structure dates from this period. Techniques in metallurgy based on the use of bronze and iron were also introduced to Oka in this period. Seojin Pottery was simply decorated and produced using the same coiling technique previously used in Jōmon pottery over in Teiko. Seojin craft specialists made bronze ceremonial bells (Jubon), mirrors, and weapons. By the 1st century AD, Seojin farmers began using iron agricultural tools and weapons.

As the Seojin population increased, the society became more stratified and complex. They wove textiles, lived in permanent farming villages, and constructed buildings with wood and stone. They also accumulated wealth through land ownership and the storage of grain. Such factors promoted the development of distinct social classes. Contemporary Chinese sources described the people as having tattoos and other bodily markings which indicated differences in social status. Seojin chiefs, in some parts of Beito, appear to have sponsored, and politically manipulated, trade in bronze and other prestige objects. That was possible by the introduction of an irrigated, wet-rice culture from the Yangtze estuary in southern China. Wet-rice agriculture led to the development and growth of a sedentary, agrarian society in Oka. Local political and social developments in Oka were more important than the activities of the central authority within a stratified society.

Taou period 따
Oka, as a vassal state of China, the King of Oka gold seal is issued by Emperor Guangwu of Han to the coalition of Okatian states on the northern Island (Beito) The earliest written records about people in Oka are from Chinese sources from this period. Tao, the Okataian pronunciation of an early Chinese name for Oka, was mentioned in 57 AD; the Bei state of Tao received a golden seal from the Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han dynasty. This event was recorded in the Hou Han Shu compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century. The seal itself was discovered in southern Beito in the 18th century. Tao was also mentioned in 257 in the Wei zhi, a section of the San Guo Zhi compiled by the 3rd century scholar Chen Shou.

Early Chinese historians described Tao as a land of hundreds of scattered tribal communities rather than the unified land with a 700-year tradition as laid out in the 8th-century work Ko Sanko, a partly mythical, partly historical account of Japan which dates the foundation of the country at 660 BC. Archaeological evidence also suggests that frequent conflicts between settlements or statelets broke out in the period. Many excavated settlements were moated or built at the tops of hills. Headless human skeletons discovered on the Mowan site are regarded as typical examples of finds from the period. In the coastal area of the Inland Sea, stone arrowheads are often found among funerary objects.

Third-century Chinese sources reported that the Tao people lived on raw fish, vegetables, and rice served on bamboo and wooden trays, clapped their hands in worship (something still done in Tansei shrines today), and built earthen-grave mounds. They also maintained vassal-master relations, collected taxes, had provincial granaries and markets, and observed mourning. Society was characterized by violent struggles.

the Tansei Mythology
During the Taou period the specifity of the Okataian climate became the foundation of their distinct philosophy and mythology. In Okataian mythology, the people of Oka settled on this islands by the command of the celestial king Ren (렌). In counterpart the Okataian people were cast a spell by the celestial king Jao (자오) for having built a castle on the remains of his dead dragon 'ryusei'. The king punished the people by sending earthquakes and typhoons. The mission of the Okataian people is to hold the Islands until Ren beats Jao and delivers the islands and returns to human form to deliver the people from the spell.

Only through dreaming can high priests contacts Jao's army and commands, founding the cornerstone of the Tansei religion (탄세이) That asserts that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is "transient, evanescent, inconstant". All temporal things, whether material or mental, are compounded objects in a continuous change of condition, subject to decline and destruction. Resarchers claim Tansei was an early interpretation of Buddhism, The Buddha taught that because no physical or mental object is permanent, desires for or attachments to either causes suffering (dukkha). Understanding Anicca and Anatta are steps in the Buddhist’s spiritual progress toward enlightenment. Oka, as a vassal state of China, the King of Oka gold seal is issued by Emperor Guangwu of Han to the coalition of Okatian states on the northern Island (Beito) The earliest written records about people in Oka are from Chinese sources from this period. Tao, the Okataian pronunciation of an early Chinese name for Oka, was mentioned in 57 AD; the Bei state of Tao received a golden seal from the Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han dynasty. This event was recorded in the Hou Han Shu compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century. The seal itself was discovered in southern Beito in the 18th century. Tao was also mentioned in 257 in the Wei Zhi, a section of the San Guo Zhi compiled by the 3rd century scholar Chen Shou.

Early Chinese historians described Taou as a land of hundreds of scattered tribal communities rather than the unified land with a 700-year tradition as laid out in the 8th-century work Ko Sanko, a partly mythical, partly historical account of Oka which dates the foundation of the country at 660 BC. Archaeological evidence also suggests that frequent conflicts between settlements or statelets broke out in the period. Many excavated settlements were moated or built at the tops of hills. Headless human skeletons discovered on the Mowan site are regarded as typical examples of finds from the period. In the coastal area of the Inland Sea, stone arrowheads are often found among funerary objects.

Third-century Chinese sources reported that the Tao people lived on raw fish, vegetables, and rice served on bamboo and wooden trays, clapped their hands in worship (something still done in Tansei shrines today), and built earthen-grave mounds. They also maintained vassal-master relations, collected taxes, had provincial granaries and markets, and observed mourning. Society was characterized by violent struggles.

Ran period 란


In 225 the emperor still resided in Hsagu, but Kou having become conquered Hsa the new capital was to be Rena, nowadays Renagawa. There are two main divisions in the history of the period. The Northern Ran (225–316) was established as a successor state Kou after and had its capital at Rena. The Northern Ran lasted until 286 where it fell into a succession crisis, civil war, and invasion by the "Five Barbarians." The rebels and invaders began to establish new self-proclaimed states on the Island of Beito and Kiwa Pass in 304, inaugurating the "Sixteen Kingdoms" era. These states immediately began fighting each other and the Kou Empire.

As Kou was a military state, and not religious, the dynasty had detached itself from the religious powers, and priests did not have so much power anymore. A prominent priest Yuche led the rebellion through radical Tansei teachings. The Red Rebellion, was a peasant revolt in Oka against the Northern Ran dynasty. The uprising broke out in 284 during the reign of Emperor Sowo. It took 28 years until the uprising was fully suppressed by 314. The rebellion, which got its name from the colour of the cloths that the rebels wore on their heads, marked an important point in the history of Tansei due to the rebels' association with secret Tansei societies led Yuche.

Nan Period 난
Gima Seibei became first emperor during the Nan Period, and the Seibei house became known for their efficient methods of governing based on Confucian principles, this was also the first time Tansei's ubiquity over the territory. Gima sent envois to assassinate the warlords on Beito, but failed to kill Endo Tetsui. Tetsui allied with Umon Isu and Ige Toka to form an alliance in the case Gima launches a military attack. Most Okataian regard the Nan period as the high point of Imperial Oka, both politically and culturally. Nan writers produce the finest poetry in Oka's great lyric tradition. In the south poets like Namba Natsu and Ganru Saiki wrote on Oka as a child seperated at birth and wrote poems on the mountains and mythical creatures in the Muya forest.

Underlying the prosperity of the early Nan period in the south Nan was a strong centralized bureaucracy with efficient policies. The government was organized as "Three Departments and Six Ministries" to separately draft, review, and implement policies. These departments were run by royal family members as well as scholar officials who were selected by imperial examinations. These practices, which matured in the Nan period, were continued by the later dynasties, with some modifications.

Under the Nan "equal-field system" all land was owned by the Emperor and granted to people according to household size. Men granted land were conscripted for military service for a fixed period each year, a military policy known as the "Kana system". These policies stimulated a rapid growth in productivity and a significant army without much burden on the state treasury. By the period's midpoint, however, standing armies had replaced conscription, and land was continuously falling into the hands of private owners.

In late Nan period, there were ineffective and corrupt rulers and officials in the imperial court allowing regional warlords to trigger widespread revolts. The most catastrophic was the Oba Koji Rebellion, from 740 to 745, which affected the entire empire for a decade. The sack of the southern port Maen in 780 was followed by the massacre of most of its inhabitants, along with the large foreign merchant enclaves. By 781, both capitals, Oishi and Rena, fell successively. The reliance on Local warlords in suppressing the rebellion increased their power and influence. Consequently, the fall of the Seibei dynasty following Go Kinji's usurpation led to an era of fragmentation.

Ka Period 카


n 821, the Ka dynasty was founded by Emperor Shime Aki, with its capital established in Oishi. In 879, the Ka dynasty reunified most of the Oka proper, while small swaths of the outer territories were occupied by rebel states. Namely Ryukyu on the Island of Okinawa, Gaito, the Shimei Principality and religious priests on smaller groups of islands.

In 1005 Yudah Aki, increased militia activity, increased troop levels and war horses sent to the border Regions near Kyushu (modern day Teiko), and actively sought loyal supporters in border regions who could heighten the pace of extraction of local resources for the state's disposal. Officials at court debated the merits or faults of Aki's policies, yet criticism of his reforms even appeared in Kou and Hei, where the high officer Koga Jou publicly announced that Aki's policies were deliberate efforts to seize and control their border frontiers. Tensions between the capital officials in Oishi and Kou were critical, and in these conditions any sign of hostility had potential to ignite a war. Oishi rapidly sent troops and agreed to talks with Kou to give them more control of their territory, Yudah Aki was however seen as weak for granted Kou it's demands.

During the reign of Iseri Aki between 1085 and 1110 the state new a period of peace during which it focused on it's trade with neighboring nations, during this period foreign technologies arrived to Oka, and scholars visited Japan. The Ka emperors took over the provincial administration system of the Nan period, and the nineteen provinces are the precursors of the modern provinces.

The regime which Aki had established and which was kept in place by his successors was decentralized and almost feudalistic in structure. Aki selected the provincial governors, known under the titles of Daijin from among his close vassals. Aki allowed its vassals to maintain their own armies and to administer law and order in their provinces on their own terms. In these provinces political power became gradually held by the military who controlled the borders, opposed government and gained a high level of autonomy and came to be known as this new group of leader became known as Senden (War-lord).

Sen Period 센
Seto Yoo accessed to the throne becoming emperor of Oka and marked the beginning of the Sen Period, he dissolved the Sengen organisation and formed a new government with a strong emphasis on commerce and culture, in this period while most of Asia faced the mongol threat, The mongols did not attack Oka. Oka experienced a golden age that lasted a century, during which a new writing system was completed, and there were great developments in printing and publishing, promoting learning and dispersing knowledge on philosophy, literature, religion, and science; by 1300, there were 12 universities that produced famous scholars and scientists.

Urbanization increased as the population grew and as the division of labor grew more complex. Large urban centers, such as Oishi, Hsagu and Rena, also contributed to the growth of private industry. In particular, small-scale industries grew up, often specializing in paper, silk, cotton, and porcelain goods. For the most part, however, relatively small urban centers with markets proliferated around the country. Town markets mainly traded food, with some necessary manufactures such as pins or oil.

Despite the xenophobia and intellectual introspection characteristic of the increasingly popular new school of neo-Confucianism that was imported into Oka, Oka during the Sen period was not isolated. Foreign trade and other contacts with the outside world, particularly Kysuhu (Teiko), increased considerably. Okataian merchants explored the pacific and Indian ocean, reaching Karasem and later Australia with the voyages of Toju Maeko.

To avoid the conlfict with the Sengen. The empire had a strong and complex central government that unified and controlled the empire. The emperor's role became more autocratic, although emperor Abe Yoo necessarily continued to use what he called the "Grand Secretariat" to assist with the immense paperwork of the bureaucracy, including memorials (petitions and recommendations to the throne), imperial edicts in reply, reports of various kinds, and tax records. It was this same bureaucracy that later prevented the empire from being able to adapt to changes in society, and eventually led to the end of the Sen period

Son Period 손
In 1458, the general Koide Eiji, later known as Minister Eiji, established the Son dynasty and based on idealistic Confucianism-based ideology. The prevailing philosophy throughout the Son period was Neo-Confucianism, which was epitomized by the Umai class, scholars who passed up positions of wealth and power to lead lives of study and integrity.

During the Son period, both Sengen class and Umai class had positions of power, causing many disagreements and clashes thus making governing complicated. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Oka enjoyed many benevolent rulers who promoted education and science. Most notable among them was empress Hanru Koei (r. 1454–1520), who promulgated Fude, a new Okataian alphabet originally based on Hangul. This golden age saw great cultural and scientific advancements, including in printing, meteorological observation, astronomy, calendar science, ceramics, military technology, geography, cartography, medicine, and agricultural technology, some of which were unrivaled elsewhere

Kei Period 케이
The fall of the Son period was cuased by the Emperor's Soetsu early death at the age of 7, this led to a distant cousin, Moru Keiji to access the throne. Keiji's poitical stance followed the Son's neo-confusian teaching, and incorporated Kon Bakin's newer reformed Tansei school. The Kei period is characterized by Oka's opening to the occident through the Chizu reforms led by Minister Kugo Chizu. Historically Oka has always had an emperor ruling leaders, in 1848 First Minister Maeno Koyo passed a reform making Oka a federal monarchy is a federation of states with a single monarch as over-all head of the federation, but retaining different monarchs, or a non-monarchical system of government, in the various states joined to the federation. On the declaration day of the 17th of October the state of Ryukyu seceded from Oka to become independant.

Jin rebellion 진
The Industrial Revolution in Oka occurred during the Jin period. The industrial revolution began about 1870 as Kei period leaders decided to catch up with the West. The government built railroads, improved roads, and inaugurated a land reform program to prepare the country for further development. It inaugurated a new Western-based education system for all young people, sent thousands of students to the United States and Europe, and hired more than 3,000 Westerners to teach modern science, mathematics, technology, and foreign languages in Oka.

In 1871, a group of Okataian politicians toured Europe and the USA to learn western ways. The result was a deliberate state led industrialization policy to enable Oka to quickly catch up with Europe, and rival Japan and Teiko. The Okataian Standards Bank, founded in 1877, used taxes to fund model steel and textile factories. Sundao started by building military equipment

Modern industry first appeared in textiles, including cotton and especially silk, which was based in home workshops in rural areas. There were at least two reasons for the speed of Oka's modernization: the employment of more than 3,000 foreign experts in a variety of specialist fields such as teaching English, science, engineering, the army and navy, among others; and the dispatch of many Japanese students overseas to Europe and America. This process of modernization was closely monitored and heavily subsidized by the Jin government, enhancing the power of the great family firms such as Sundao and Oda.

Shin Period 신


Hino Osamu signed on the 17 of Octobre 1948 a new treaty in which Oka became a Federal republic. He took control of Oka's monopolies that had been owned by the Japanese prior to World War II. They nationalized approximately 25% of Oka's GNP and voided Japanese bond certificates held by Okataian investors. These real estate holdings as well as American aid such as the China Aid Act and the Okato-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction helped to ensure that Oka would recover quickly from war.

Hino Osamu and his follower Naoto Shuda implemented a far-reaching and highly successful land reform program on Oka during the 1950s. The 375 Rent Reduction Act alleviated tax burden on peasants and another act redistributed land among small farmers and compensated large landowners with commodities certificates and stock in state-owned industries. Although this left some large landowners impoverished, others turned their compensation into capital and started commercial and industrial enterprises.

From 1950 to 1965, Oka received a total of $1.5 billion in economic aid and $2.4 billion in military aid from the United States. In 1961 all American aid ceased when Oka had established a solid financial base. Having accomplished that, Junpo Chawan started state projects such as the Ten Major Construction Projects that provided the infrastructure for building a strong export-driven economy. Oka has developed steadily into a major international trading power with more than $550 billion in two-way trade and one of the highest foreign exchange reserves in the world. Tremendous prosperity on the archipelago was accompanied by economic and social stability. Oka's phenomenal economic development earned it a spot as one of the Seven Asian Tigers.

Climate
The Okataian climate ranges from humid subtropical climate in the north to tropical rainforest climate in the south. Precipitation is very high, and is affected by the rainy season and typhoons. The eastern coast islands is characterized by their coral reefs. Oka lies above the Tropic of Cancer, and its general climate is marine tropical. The northern and central regions are subtropical, whereas the south is tropical and the mountainous regions are temperate. The average rainfall is 2,600 millimetres (100 inches) per year for the island proper; the rainy season is concurrent with the onset of the summer East Asian Monsoon in May and June. The entire island experiences hot, humid weather from June through September. Typhoons are most common in July, August and September.During the winter (November to March), the northeast experiences steady rain, while the central and southern parts of the island are mostly sunny.

Geology


The islands of Oka lie above the complex tectonic area between the Yangtze Plate to the west and north, the Okinawa Plate on the north-east, and the Philippine Mobile Belt on the east and south. The upper part of the crust on the island is primarily made up of a series of terranes, mostly old island arcs which have been forced together by the collision of the forerunners of the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. These have been further uplifted as a result of the detachment of a portion of the Eurasian Plate as it was subducted beneath remnants of the Philippine Sea Plate, a process which left the crust under Oka more buoyant.

The major seismic faults in Oka correspond to the various suture zones between the various terranes. These have produced major quakes throughout the history of the island. On 21 September 1999, a 7.3 quake known as the "921 earthquake" killed more than 1,400 people. The seismic hazard map for Oka by the USGS shows 9/10 for the islands as the highest rating (most hazardous)

=Politics=

The Federal Constitution adopted on the 17 October 1868 and re-published in 1948 is the legal foundation of the modern federal state. It is among the oldest constitutions in the world. A newer Constitution was adopted in 2000, but did not introduce notable changes to the federal structure. It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Federation and the provinces and defines federal jurisdiction and authority. There are three main governing bodies on the federal level: the parliament (legislative), the Federal Council (executive) and the Federal Court (judicial). As of 2016 Stephen Chawan is the 37th President of Oka and Meiju Gana the 37th Chancellor of the Federation

Government
Under its current constitution the state is sometimes referred to as the First Okataian Federation. Like many democratic states, Oka has a government divided into three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative. The executive and legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions in the provinces. Provincial governments are very autonomous, and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. The judicial branch operates at both the national and local levels. Oka is a constitutional democracy.

The Okataian Parliament consists of two houses: the Council of Provinces which has 38 representatives (two from each Province and two representing Hong Kong) who are elected under a system determined by each province, and the National Council, which consists of 335 members who are elected under a system of proportional representation, depending on the population of each province. Members of both houses serve for 4 years. When both houses are in joint session, they are known collectively as the Federal Assembly. The President is directly elected by the people every four years. The President chairs the government shares executive power with the chancellor he appoints and assumes representative functions.

Political Parties

 * National refers to the members that siege in the Federal Parliament


 * Local refers to Chief Executives (Province leaders) and the counties in which they are a majority

Zone Administration
See Administrative Divisions of Oka

Oka is divided into 18 provinces of which one is classified a special city. Each province has its own constitution, legislature, government and courts. Most of the province's legislatures are unicameral parliaments, their size varying between fifty-eight and two hundred seats. The provincial governments consist of either five or seven members, depending on the province.

Foreign Relations
The Okataian Constitution reservation 1999 declares the preservation of Oka's independence and welfare as the supreme objective of Okataian foreign policy. Below this overarching goal, the Constitution sets five specific foreign policy objectives:


 * further the peaceful coexistence of nations;
 * promote respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of the law;
 * promote Okataian economic interests abroad;
 * alleviate need and poverty in the world;
 * promote preservation of natural resources.
 * These objectives reflect the Okataian moral obligation to undertake social, economic, and humanitarian activities that contribute to world peace and prosperity. This is manifested by Okataian bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activity, assistance to developing countries, and support for the extension of international law, particularly humanitarian law.

Traditionally, Oka has recently avoided alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action. Only in recent years have the Oka broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality. Oka is a member of Alliance of Independent Nations since 2012 when former president Greg Waso applied the nation

Oka maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as a neutral intermediary and host to major international treaty conferences. The country has no major dispute in its bilateral relations, except with it's territory of Hong Kong.Oka City is home to many international governmental and nongovernmental organisations. Since 2012 Noro Ryu has been Oka's Foreign minister under Chawan's government.

Alliance of Independent Nations
Oka has maintained very cordial relations with other AIN members since entering, there have been no major diplomatic incidents, recently Oka's policies have aimed at more cooperation with it's direct neighbours Teiko and Nakama with the organisation of the Teiko-Oka-Nakama trilateral summit, In 2013 Oka City was capital culture. in the future Oka plans to have an evermore central role in the union. Gaiyu Sho was AIN delegate for Oka from 2012 to 2016, since 2016 the former ministry of Culture Nano Kanmei has take up the role.

The Hong Kong Case
Hong Kong is considered an Okataian Overseas Territory (OOT) since 1997 which enjoys the highest degree of autonomy guaranteed by the Kowloon agreement, and no or less interference by the Federal Government. Hong Kong is responsible for all affairs except those regarding diplomatic relations and national defense. Consequently, the Okataian Federation authorizes the OOT to exercise a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power. Oka's presence in Hong Kong is embodied by the Liaison Office.

Hong Kongers have longed for sovereignty in 2007 and 2012 on the basis of their city being capable of Sustaining and being Cultural apart from Oka. Many in Hong Kong see their city having been passed by a colonizer to another

=Economy=









Oka has a dynamic, capitalist, export-driven economy with gradually decreasing state involvement in investment and foreign trade. In keeping with this trend, some large government-owned banks and industrial firms are being privatized. Real growth in GDP has averaged about 8% during the past three decades. Exports have provided the primary impetus for industrialization. The trade surplus is substantial, and foreign reserves are the world's fifth largest. Oka has it's own currecny the Okataian Jung.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the economic ties between Oka and the People's Republic of China have been very prolific. As of 2008, more than US$150 billion have been invested in the PRC by Okataian companies, and about 3% of the Okataian labour force works in the PRC, often to run their own businesses. Although the economy of Oka benefits from this situation, some have expressed the view that the island has become increasingly dependent on the Mainland Chinese economy. A 2008 white paper by the Department of Industrial Technology states that "Oka should seek to maintain stable relation with China while continuing to protect national security, and avoiding excessive 'Sinicization' of the Okataian economy."

Oka's total trade in 2010 reached an all-time high of US$726.04 billion, according to Oka's Ministry of Finance. Both exports and imports for the year reached record levels, totalling US$274.64 billion and US$251.4 billion, respectively. In 2001, agriculture constituted only 2% of GDP, down from 35% in 1952. Traditional labour-intensive industries are steadily being moved offshore and with more capital and technology-intensive industries replacing them. High-technology industrial parks have sprung up in every region in Oka. The Federation has become a major foreign investor in the PRC, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam.

Because of its conservative financial approach and its entrepreneurial strengths, Oka suffered little compared with many of its neighbours from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Unlike its neighbours, South Korea and Japan. Although many Houshi's exist, like Sundao. The Okataian economy is dominated by small and medium-sized businesses, rather than the large business groups. The global economic downturn, however, combined with poor policy co-ordination by the new administration and increasing bad debts in the banking system, pushed Oka into recession in 2001, the first whole year of negative growth since 1947. Due to the relocation of many manufacturing and labour-intensive industries to the PRC, unemployment also reached a level not seen since the 1970s oil crisis. This became a major issue in the 2008 presidential election.

In terms of Real Estate housing market is slowing, after two years of increasing house prices. The national housing purchase price index rose by 0.79% during the year to end-November 2016, according to the Okataian Statistical Information Service (OSIS). However when adjusted for inflation, house prices were actually down by 0.51%.

Agriculture and fishery
The Okataian agricultural sector accounts for about 1.8% of the total country's GDP. Only 15% of Oka's land is suitable for cultivation. Due to this lack of arable land, a system of terraces is used to farm in small areas. This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, with an overall agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 50% on fewer than 56,000 square kilometres (14,000,000 acres) cultivated. Oka's small agricultural sector, however, is also highly subsidized and protected, with government regulations that favor small-scale cultivation instead of large-scale agriculture as practiced in North America. There has been a growing concern about farming as the current farmers are aging with a difficult time finding successors.

Industry
Oka's industrial sector makes up approximately 24,8% of its GDP. Oka's major industries are motor vehicles, electronics, machine tools, metals, ships, chemicals and processed foods; some major Okataian industrial companies include Sundao, Oda, Chatan Industries, Honey Microsystems, TCC

Oka is the fourth largest automobile producer in the world, and is home to Sundao. The Okataian consumer electronics industry, once considered the strongest in the world along with Japan is in competition arises in countries like South Korea, the United States and China. However, despite also facing similar competition from South Korea and China, the Okataian shipbuilding industry is expected to remain strong due to an increased focus on specialized, high-tech designs

Services
Oka's service sector accounts for about three-quarters of its total economic output. Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation, and telecommunications are all major industries, with companies such as Sundao, Oda, Triumph International Holdings, Jade International Holdings, Oriental Standards Bank, KKBC, Oriental Airways listed as some of the largest in the world. Many Okataian Newspapers are internationally recognized such as the East Asia Morning Post and the Oishi Financial Review. The sector of Insurances and Real Estate are also a strong constituant of the Okataian Economy.

Tourism
In the past, Okataians were not likely to travel overseas, due to the after-war reformations and subsequent economic difficulties, as well as government restrictions on overseas travel, with passports issued only for a narrow range of reasons, such as traveling abroad on government businesses, for technical training, and so on. Since the 1960s, overseas travel restrictions and regulations have been continuously reviewed to prevent foreign currency waste from traveling abroad. However, during the 1980s, the liberalization of international travel has begun to take place in catering to the globalization of the Okataian society. Since then, Okataians have been able to travel freely abroad

In 2018 just over 20 million people visited Oka, the sharp progress is largely due to the affluence of Chinese tourists who account for one fifth of arrivals in Oka, other notable places of arrival inclue Japan, South Korea, Nakama and Teiko.

=Education=

The higher education system was established in Oka by Japan during the colonial period. However, after the Okataian Federation took over from Japan in 1945, the system was promptly replaced by a system mixed with features of the Chinese and American educational systems.

Oka is well known for adhering to the Tansei paradigm of valuing education as a means to improve one's socioeconomic position in Okataian society. Heavy investment and a cultural value for education has catapulted the nation consistently atop the global education rankings. Oka is one of the top-performing countries in reading literacy, maths and sciences. In 2015, Okataian students achieved one of the world's best results in mathematics, science and literacy, as tested by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a worldwide evaluation of 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance. The strong scholastic and educational performance of Okataian students has prompted the nation to build a highly educated labour force that possesses a strong background in mathematics and science to cope with the current labor market demands of the 21st century.

As the Okataian economy is largely service, science and technology based, the labor market demands people who have achieved some form of higher education, particularly related to science and engineering in order to gain a competitive edge when searching for employment. Although current Okataian law mandates only nine years of schooling, 95% of junior high graduates go on to attend a senior vocational high school, university, junior college, trade school, or other higher education institution. In 2018 Okataian Universities were part of Asia's best performing universities with the Renagawa Polytechnic University and Oishi City University getting top scores.

Many Okataian students attend cram schools, or Kanmo, to improve skills and knowledge on problem solving against exams of subjects like mathematics, nature science, history and many others. Courses are available for most popular subjects. Lessons are organized in lectures, reviews, private tutorial sessions, and recitations. As of 2013, the literacy rate in Oka is 97.15%.

Criticism
The system's rigid and hierarchical structure has been criticized for partially stifling creativity and innovation; described as intensely and "brutally" competitive, the system is often blamed for the high suicide rate in the country, particularly the growing rates among those aged 10–19. Various media outlets attribute the country's high suicide rate to the nationwide anxiety around the country's college entrance exams, which determine the trajectory of students' entire lives and careers.

Former Okataian proffessor Teisuo Nakaii wrote that the Okataian education system amounts to child abuse and that it should be "reformed and restructured without delay". The system has also been criticized for producing an excess supply of university graduates creating an overeducated and underemployed labor force; in the first quarter of 2013 alone, nearly 3.3 million Okataian university graduates were jobless, leaving many graduates overqualified for jobs requiring less education. Further criticism has been stemmed for causing labor shortages in various skilled blue collar labor and vocational occupations, where many go unfilled as the negative social stigma associated with vocational careers and not having a university degree continues to remain deep-rooted in Okataian society. In 2015 the government announced major plans to restructure the education system and the Shinkoo progressive party campaigns to end the bad image of blue collar jobs but with moderate success.

=Health=

Oka had the longest life expectancy in the world 88.9 years for women and for men, 82.3 for women. The combination of a performing healthcare and specificities of Okataian could account for the life expectancy. People from all around the world have tried to emulate the "Okataian diet" to reap its health benefits, believed to be because it is nutritionally dense yet low in calories.

In 2002 Oka had nearly 1.6 physicians and 5.9 hospital beds per 1,000 population. Recent major health issues include the SARS crisis in 2003, though the archipelago was later declared safe by the World Health Organization (WHO). The current healthcare system in Oka, known as National Health Insurance (NHI), was instituted in 1985 and reformed in 1998 to include the sevices of private companies. Okataian residents are universally required to buy health insurance from private insurance companies, which in turn are required to accept every applicant. While the cost of the system is among the highest in Asia, it compares well with other countries in terms of health outcomes; patients have been reported as being, in general, highly satisfied with it. However, spending on health is particularly high at 11.4% of GDP (2010). From 1990, a steady increase can be observed, reflecting the high costs of the services provided. With an ageing population and new healthcare technologies, health spending will likely continue to rise.

=Infrastructure=

Transportation


The Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Okataian Federation is the cabinet-level governing body of the transportation network in Oka. Oka has an extensive highway network, classified into five levels: National highways, provincial highways, county routes, township routes, and special routes, with the first four being common.

Oka also has an extensive bus network, which are mostly run by private bus companies. Inter-city rail services are provided by OkaRail that is divided into geographic zones. Rapid transit systems include the Oka City MST, Renagawa R-Met. Since privatisation in 1987, dozens of Okataian railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; major companies include OkaRail, Koku and Ota Corporation. Some 250 high-speed Jiantou trains connect major cities and Okataian trains are known for their safety and punctuality. Proposals for a new Maglev route between Tengoku and Renagawa are In Development.

Oka possesses Five international airports. The two largest Oka City International Airport and Renagawa International Airport serve over 180 international destinations and act as hubs for Oriental Airways and it's growing subsidiary Koun Air. There are currently 7 airlines in Oka, the largest ones being Oriental Airways and Koun Air. The four international seaports are the Port of Renagawa, the Port of Oka City Mansu, the Port of Tengoku, and the Port of Jitei.

Energy
As of 2011, 46.1% of energy in Oka was produced from petroleum, 21.3% from coal, 21.4% from natural gas, 4.0% from nuclear power and 3.3% from hydropower. Nuclear power produced 9.2 percent of Oka's electricity, as of 2011, down from 24.9 percent the previous year. However, by May 2012 all of the country's nuclear power plants had been taken offline because of ongoing public opposition following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in March 2011, though government officials continued to try to sway public opinion in favor of returning at least some of Oka's 50 nuclear reactors to service. Oka lacks significant domestic reserves and so has a heavy dependence on imported energy. Japan has therefore aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency.

Water and Sanitation
Access to an improved water source is universal in Oka. 97% of the population receives piped water supply from public utilities and 3% receive water from their own wells or unregulated small systems, mainly in rural areas.

=Demographics=

In April 2016, Oka's population was estimated to be around 75 million by National Statistical Office, with continuing decline of working age population and total fertility rate. The country is noted for its population density, which was an estimated 440 per square kilometer, most Okataians live in urban areas, because of rapid migration from the countryside during the country's quick economic expansion in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.. Ethnically 97% are Okataian, making it one of the most homogenous countrie in the world. This homogeneity is contested as many say it follows a political agenda for unity, and not diversity as history suggests. Okataian people's origin differ to Japanese. According to the recent genetic studies, the Okataian people share more alleles with the Jōmon period (16,000–3,000 years ago) hunter-gatherers and Ryukyu people than the Yamato Japanese, have smaller genetic contributions from Asian continental populations, which supports the dual-structure model of K. Hanihara (1991), a widely accepted theory which suggests that the Yamato Japanese are more admixed with Asian agricultural continental people (from the Korean Peninsula) than the Ryukyians and the Okataians, with major admixture occurring in and after the Yayoi period (3,000-1,700 years ago).

Until 1822 the population was stable at 25 million, after world war II the population went from 30 to the actual 75 million population. Okatabawashi had a birth rate of 10.6 per 1,000 population and a fertility rate of 1,312 children per 1,000 women. Immigration from china was very high in the 50's and 60's, the immigrants, mainly people fleeing the communist regime, were at a number of four million

Population
Oka's population is estimated at around 75 million, with 60% of the population living on the Northern Island of Beito. Although Federal, Oka's society tends to be linguistically, ethnically and culturally homogeneous, composed of 98.5% ethnic Okataians with small populations of foreign workers. Chinese, Teikonians, Nakamaese, Karasemi, Caonjians, Filipinos and Americans are among the small minority groups in  Oka. Americans and Carolinians are the largest Westerner minorities in Oka. The most dominant native ethnic group is the Okataian people; primary minority groups include the indigenous Taiwanese tribes also present in the southern tip of Oka, Ryukyuan peoples from the eastern Islands, as well as social minority groups like the Sandansei (Mountainers). Oka is widely regarded as ethnically homogeneous, and does not compile ethnicity or race statistics for Okataian nationals; sources varies regarding such claim, with at least one analysis describing Oka as a multiethnic society while another analysis put the number of Okataian nationals of recent foreign descent to be minimal.

Disagreements stem from the Imperial days whent he Okataian empire held the nation together through a "One Nation, One culture" policy. Since 1945 with implementation of Oka's Federal system provinces have been expressing their local cultures more and more. Newfound diversity and embracing unity in diversity has become an element of national pride. However there are still many tenants of the "One Nation, One culture" policy.

Foreign Born Okataians
Sometimes referred to as the Okataian Diaspora, Okataian emigration to the United States and Carolina is known to have begun as early as 1903, but the Okataian American community did not grow to a significant size until after the passage of the Immigration Reform Act of 1971. Most Okataians left Oka to move to Carolina due to large existing communities and around 1 million Okataians now live in the United States, namely in California. The second largest destination for expatraites is within Asia with Japan, Nakama and Teiko being popular destination as they are part of the Japonic culture. Okataian communities have started growing in Europe since 2005 but remain restricted to an educated elite. In most of the countries they move to Okataians live around eachother in what is now referred to as Little Oka's.

Religion
As the Okataian contitution ensures, religious freedom is guaranteed in Oka. Tansei is the largest religion in Oka and the nations historic religion having always been practiced by the royal family and high officials. it is practiced by nearly 80% of the population, yet only a small percentage of these identify themselves as "Tanseians" in surveys. Tansei nowadays is structured but participation is open to anyone, those who clearly identify as Tansei follower are members of foundations or very active in rituals. Tansei have over 50,000 shrines and 30,146 priests in the country.

Buddhism entered Oka from Korea during the period of the Ran period. Buddhism was the dominant religious and cultural influence in the Koosei Kingdom and Northern Beito Island states. Buddhist Ideology however conflicted with Tansei, the religion the king followed and was suppressed and followers imprisoned.

Christianity was first introduced into Oka by Jesuit missions starting in 1552. Today, Christianity in Oka is predominantly Protestant and Catholic, respectively with 14.6 million and 6.8 million members as of the 2015 census. There are also small communities of Orthodox Christians, founded by Russian Orthodox missionary endeavors in the 19th century. The penetration of Western ideas and Christianity in Oka became known as Gaku-shu ("Western Learning"). A study of 1850 found that more than half of the families that had converted to Catholicism were linked to the Gaku-shu school. Largely because converts refused to perform Confucian ancestral rituals, the Shin government prohibited Christian proselytizing. Some Catholics were executed during the early 19th century, but the restrictive law was not strictly enforced.

Language


Okataian is an East Asian language spoken by about 85 million speakers, primarily in Oka, where it is the national language. It is a member of the Japonic (or Japanese-Ryukyuan) language family, whose relation to other languages, such as Korean, is debated. Okataian has also been grouped with the Ainu and Austroasiatic language families.

Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Oka. Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Okataian words, but substantial texts did not appear until the 8th century. During the Ran period (225–463), Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Okataian. Late Middle Okataian (1185–1600) included changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language, and the first appearance of European loanwords. Following the opening to Oka to the occident in 19th century English loanwords, in particular, have become frequent, and Okataian words from English roots have proliferated. Okataian writing until the 16th century remained in Chinese characters, a new writing system based on phonetic pronunciation similar to Hangul was imported.

Oto-Go Writing
Before the creation of the new Okataian alphabet, Okataianas primarily wrote using Classical Chinese alongside native phonetic writing systems that predate the modern Oto-Go alphabet by hundreds of years, including Idu script. Fundemental differences between Chinese and Okataian left most people illiterate, and in 1476 Emperor ??? designed the Oto-Go scripture that "a peasant could learn in 10 days".

The Oto-Go alphabet faced opposition in the 1480's by the literary elite, including politician [???] and other Confucian scholars. They believed Hanja was the only legitimate writing system. They also saw the circulation of the Oto-Go alphabet as a threat to their status. However, the Oto-Go alphabet entered popular culture as ??? had intended, used especially by women and writers of popular fiction.

=Culture=

Art


Okataian art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper, paintings and woodblock prints, kirigami, origami, dorodango, and more recently Okataian cartooning and comics—along with a myriad of other types of works of art. It has a long history, ranging from the beginnings of human habitation in Oka, sometime in the 10th millennium BC, to the present.

Painting is the preferred artistic expression in Oka, practiced by amateurs and professionals alike. Until modern times, the Okataians wrote with a brush rather than a pen, and their familiarity with brush techniques has made them particularly sensitive to the values and aesthetics of painting. With the rise of popular culture in the Son period, a style of woodblock prints became a major form and its techniques were fine tuned to produce colorful prints. The Okataians, in this period, found sculpture a much less sympathetic medium for artistic expression; most Okataian sculpture is associated with religion, and the medium's use declined with the lessening importance of traditional Buddhism. Okataian ceramics are among the finest in the world and include the earliest known artifacts of their culture. In architecture, Okataian preferences for natural materials and an interaction of interior and exterior space are clearly expressed.

Okataian modern art takes as many forms and expresses as many different ideas as modern art in general, worldwide. It ranges from advertisements, anime, video games, and architecture as already mentioned, to sculpture, painting, and drawing in all their myriad forms. Many artists do continue to paint in the traditional manner, with black ink and color on paper or silk. Some of these depict traditional subject matter in the traditional styles, while others explore new and different motifs and styles, while using the traditional media. Still others eschew native media and styles, embracing Western oil paints or any number of other forms.

Entertainment
In addition to domestic consumption, Oka has a thriving entertainment industry where various facets of Okataian entertainment including television dramas, films, and popular music has generated significant financial revenues for the nation's economy. Until the 1990s, trot and traditional Oka folk based ballads dominated Okataian popular music. The emergence of the Okataian pop group Maksu and Girls in 1992 marked a turning point for Okataian popular music, also known as Okapop, as the genre modernized itself from incorporating elements of popular musical genres from the West such as Western popular music, experimental, jazz, gospel, Latin, classical, hip hop, rhythm and blues, electronic dance, reggae, country, folk, and rock on top of its uniquely traditional Okataian music roots.

Okataian movies have a dominant share of the market, partly because of the existence of screen quotas requiring cinemas to show Korean films at least 75 days a year. Okataian TV is mainly controlled by two networks XBS owned by Oda and the public OTV. Oka has exported famous historic tv shows like The day before ,Tansu's gold ring or comedy dramas such as Mr.Song's wedding" and "Oops Daniel. Oka is also know for it's investigative programs like the point and panorama

Cuisine


Okataian cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions From the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Okataian cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.

Okataian cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats. Traditional Okataian meals are noted for the number of side dishes that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice. Hanso is served at nearly every meal. Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, fermented bean paste, soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, fermented red chili paste and napa cabbage. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. Many regional dishes have become national, and dishes that were once regional have proliferated in different variations across the country. Okataian royal court cuisine once brought all of the unique regional specialties together for the royal family. Foods are regulated by Okataian cultural etiquette.

Sports
Football and baseball have traditionally been regarded as the most popular sports in Oka. Recent polling indicates that a majority, 41% of Okataian sports fans continue to self-identify as football fans, with baseball ranked 2nd at 25% of respondents. However, the polling did not indicate the extent to which respondents follow both sports. Oka's football home league is named the HSBC League and is composed of twenty teams, the last few years, Oka City Blue Dragons and Renagawa Phoenix have been winning the title intermittently.

Shendo-Kan, a popular martial sport is often claimed to have historical origins on the Okataian Archipelago with origins said to have been traced as far back as the 1st century BCE. However, such historical claims are difficult to empirically verify and separate from the influences of neighboring counties. The sport rose to prominence following the end of Japanese occupation with the end of WWII. Formalized rules were established in 1961 and in 1988 the sport became an Olympic event.