Mikenstein

Mikenstein is a state in central western Europe that borders Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Italy.. Mikenstein has two main geographical regions, which a narrower strip of land joining the two. The Ex-Siterland area has the higher population density, with the ex-Austrian land holding just under ⅓ of the national population, which totals across the nation 11,802,192, with an area of 51,520 km squared.

Mikenstein was formed fairly recently, just after the Second World War, in 1952. An uprising, and social disscontempt led to areas of Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein merging to form 1 nation. In efforts to calm the people in the area, the UN approved the formation of Mikenstein in early 1953. Relations with Switzerland and Austria were tense at first, with both nations threatening to impose economic sanctions on Mikenstein, but thanks to the Munich agreement (1972), the 3 nations now corporate harmoniously. This has led to huge increases in trade with the 2 countries. The Munich agreement made Mikenstein compensate Switzerland and Austria for the loss of territory, but in exchange allowed Mikenstein to trade easily with the the 2 countries.

Mikenstein is not a member of the Schengen Agreement or the European Union, as a referendum in 2003 decided. It does however have trade treaties not only with Switzerland but also the EU, the USA and China.

Mikenstein has one of the highest standards of living and quality of life in the whole of Europe, with a high life expectancy, excellent health system along with a world-class education system as well as also have a very low corruption perception rating.

Early Formation
Mikenstein was formed fairly recently, just after the Second World War, in 1952. An uprising, and social disscontempt led to areas of Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein merging to form 1 nation. Switzerland and Austria recognised that large levels of the population wanted to become part of the new nation, so allowed the creation of the Sovereign State of Mikenstein to continue. On November 1st 1952, the Federal Republic of Mikenstein was officially formed. This included the creation of the official border, and the establishment of the government.

Approval
There were two main agreements, which allowed the development of the creation of Mikenstein.

UN Recognition
The UN approved the formation of Mikenstein in early 1953. This was done as most countries with concerns recognised that the situation in the old areas of Switzerland and Austria would have worsened without the creation of Mikenstein. This lead to the formal approval of Mikenstein by the UN. This also paved the way for Mikenstein to join the UN.

Munich Agreement
Relations with Switzerland and Austria were tense at first, with both nations threatening to impose economic sanctions on Mikenstein, but thanks to the Munich agreement (1972), the 3 nations now corporate harmoniously. This has led to huge increases in trade with the 2 countries. The Munich agreement made Mikenstein compensate Switzerland and Austria for the loss of territory, but in exchange allowed Mikenstein to trade easily with the the 2 countries.

Development
Zug was chosen to become the new capital, as the Ex-Austrian citizens contested to having such a powerful city such as Zurich be capital of the new nation. This then also applied to cities such as Innsbruck and Salzburg. Zug was therefore chosen as it had room to expand, (since it lies in a rather flat area), and already had some Government facilities from when it was a Canton Capital in the old Switzerland. Zug was then renamed Glambeck, and expansion of Glambeck began to the west in 1954.

The new nation relied heavily on the old infrastructure of the previous nations, and a transition program was implemented to allow for Mikenstein to become self-sufficient. This took three years to complete (1952 - 1955), and involved the formation of new Government departments, development key infrastructure such as power and water supplies, along with education and health and the creation of new bodies, such as regulatory bodies and national press organisations. The second transition program was purely diplomatic. It ran from 1954 - 1978, and involved the opening of over 100 embassies worldwide. Mikenstein’s diplomatic mission has grown over the years, and now it has Embassies, along with Consulate Generals in every country in Europe, most countries in the Americas, 15 embassies in Africa and many in Asia, see map below. (Red is Mikenstein, dark blue are countries with embassies, and light blue countries are those with Consulates, but no embassies.)

Between 1952 and 1964, the Staatsrat worked tirelessly on the constitution and other important pieces of legislation, and after 4 referendums, and successive amendments, the constitution of Mikenstein was finally approved by the citizens. The paved the way for successive acts of legislation, which improved the standard of living for the 11 million people that now live in Mikenstein.

Since the formation of Mikenstein, the Government has redeveloped most cities and town, restoring the architecture and rebuilding the infrastructure to a higher, modern standard, one of those being Glambeck, see below for pictures. The government spends over 2% of GDP on education alone, in attempt to raise standards, and make Mikensteinien students appealing to future employers. Vast spending, in the region of billions of US$, was spending on improving services.

In 2003, a referendum, deemed that Mikenstein would not be part of the Schengen Agreement, or become part of the European Union. Therefore, Mikenstein still has it’s own border controls along with it’s own Visa system, and these have both helped the country to maintain a more prosperous future. In recent years, Mikenstein has continued to prosper, with a growing economy.

Glambeck
Glambeck is the capital of Glambeck province and is also the capital city of Mikenstein. It was developed into the capital from the city of Zug, and is now a prosperous capital with a thriving economy.

Chur
Chur is the capital of the Mikenstein Province of Chur and lies in the Alpine Rhine Valley, where the Rhine turns towards the north, in the northern part of the province. The city, which is located on the right bank of the Rhine, is reputedly the oldest town of Mikenstein. Main Article: Chur

Innsbruck
Innsbruck is the capital city of the Mikenstein Province of Innsbruck in eastern Mikenstein. It is located in the Inn valley, at its junction with the Wipp valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass some 30km to the south. Innsbruck lies about half way between Munich in Germany and Verona in Italy. Located in the broad valley between high mountains, the so-called North Chain in the Karwendel Alps to the north.

Main Article: Innsbruck

Kitzbühel
Kitzbühel is a small medieval town situated along the river Kitzbuhler Ache in Mikenstein and the administrative centre of the Kitzbühel Province. It has a population of 8,134 (as of 1 January 2013). The town is situated in the Kitzbühel Alps about 100 km east of the large city of Innsbruck. It is a ski resort of international renown.

Main Article: Kitzbuhel

Villach
Villach is one of the largest cities in Mikenstein and the province capital of the Villach Province. It represents an important traffic junction for southern Mikenstein and the whole Alpe-Adria region. As of 2006, the population is 58,480. Villach is located on the Drava River near the confluence with the Gail river tributary. Situated at the western rim of the Klagenfurt basin, the municipal area stretches from the slopes of the Gailtal Alps (Mt. Dobratsch) down to Lake Ossiach in the northeast.

Main Article: Villach

Salzburg
Salzburg is one of the largest cities in Mikenstein, and the province capital of the Salzburg Province. Salzburg's "Old Town" (Altstadt) is internationally renowned for its baroque architecture and is one of the best-preserved city centers north of the Alps. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. The city has three universities and a large population of students. Tourists also frequent the city to tour the city's historic center and the scenic Alpine surroundings. Salzburg was the birthplace of 18th-century composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In the mid‑20th century, the city was the setting for the musical play and film The Sound of Music.

Main Article: Salzburg

Government and Politics
In accordance to the Constitution, the legislative power lies with the citizens, through the State Council. The State Council is comprised of two house, the Federal Council, which acts as the Lower house, and the Constitutional Council, which is the upper house. The Federal Council consists of 102 members, 17 from each province, and are allocated to parties based on Proportional Representation within each province. The Constitutional Council is made up of 54 representatives, 9 from each province. These elections take place every 5 years, with the next being in 2017.

Head of State & Head of Government
The Minister of the Federal Council acts as the Head of Government, and appoints a cabinet with members of their party from the Federal Coucil. The also appoint a President from the Constitutional Council, who will be the leader of the largest party in  Constitutional Council, and who chairs the cabinet, and is the only member of the  Constitutional Council who can start the Legislative process in the  Constitutional Council. Any member of the Federal Council can start the legislative process in the Federal Council, where once this bill is passed in the Federal Council, it moves onto the Constitutional Council, and only once it has been passed by both houses does it become law.

Use of Direct Democracy
Any bill passed, excluding Constitutional Amendments are subject to an optional veto referendum, if 5% of citizens call for said referendum, within 60 days of the bill passing. Constitutional Amendments are subject to a mandatory referendum by the citizens withing 60 of the bill passing, except if a poll conducted during the passing of the bill shows that over 75% of citizens approve of it. Any member of either house may be impeached if 5% of the citizens call for a referendum on said member's impeachment, and that referendum returns a simple majority.

Last Election (2012)
Elections in Mikenstein occur every 5 years, with the last one being in 2012. The next is scheduled for May 2017. The MDP held power for the past 5 elections, each with an increasing majority, but in 2012, a landslide occurred for the Conservative party, winning 61 seats.

Rail
As part of the separation process from Switzerland and Austria, the railways and trains in Mikenstein became property of the MBB, a Federal owned and run train network that also operated the public transport in towns and cities. The MBB operates some of the most scenic routes in the world, and also provides international services to Germany, France, and Italy. It has high-speed trains linking many of the major cities, and regional trains that serve communities that were isolated before the railways were built. The MBB is funded by ticket fares, although these are highly subsided by the Government, meaning that the MBB operated one of the lowest fare networks in Europe.

Road
Mikenstein has an extensive, toll-free motorway network. Although some tunnels do have toll charges, the amount of paid motorway in the country is again one of the lowest in Europe. The motorways have speed limits of 130 km/h and then a reduced in bad weather. Between October and April, if a vehicle meters a designated 'snow zone' then it is compulsory to have winter tyres, and if a vehicle enters a 'snow risk zone' it is compulsory to have chains and four-wheel drive along with winter tyres. This is to maintain public safety. The country also has a wide network of secondary roads, although much of the road infrastructure was inherited from the previous three countries. The Mikenstein Government have been investing in the network to make sure it is continually up to par with other neighbouring countries.

Air
Many of the busiest airports in Mikenstein were inherited from the previous nations, but they are now run by private companies, accountable to the government. These companies, many funded by outside and internal investors have supported the busiest three airports, Glambeck, Salzburg and Innsbruck, along with many regional airports. After Independence, IATA codes were kept the same, but the national prefix for the ICAO code was changed from LS (Switzerland) and LO (Austria) to EM (Mikenstein). Alpair is the national airline, named after the mountain range that runs along the southern edge of the country. Alpair operates domestic regional flights around the country, and also international flights to Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. The country's airports are also served by many international airlines and low-cost carriers, and Mikenstein's convent location in central-western Europe makes it convent for stop-over flights and also means it is well connected internationally.

TV Networks
In Mikenstein there are two main television networks. The state funded MRA (Mikenstein Rundfunkanstalt [Mikenstein Broadcasting Corporation]) is one of the providers. This is funded via general taxation and is not commercially funded. It provides a variety of television, radio and online media. Similarly, the commercially funded MUFV (Mikensteinunabhängigenfernsehverein [Mikenstein Independent Television Accosiation]) provides online, radio and TV services, but it only has 35% of the market share, compared to MRA's 60%

Demographics
The demographics of Mikenstein are similar to many other European countries, and the full data table is below.