Meridian Confederation

Meridiana, officially, the Meridian Confederation(Portuguese: Confederação Meridiana) is a confederation in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west, Brazil to its north, the La Plata River to its south and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. Meridiana is home to an estimated xxx million people with a total area of about 754,440.31 km², being the 8th major country in the continental South America plus about 1,250,257 km² of the Meridian Antarctic Territory. The Confederation Capital, Desterro, is the home of important decisions for the politics of the Southern Hemisphere.

Various indigenous people have lived in the Meridian Territory before the formation of the National State. In the colonial era, Santa Catarina was a strategic territory for the Portuguese Dominion in South America, Desterro, São Francisco do Sul and Laguna were one of the first cities in the South of the Portuguese Colony. In 1822, with the Brazilian independence, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande became provinces of Brazil, the Brazilian dominion over Rio Grande ended in 1835 and over Santa Catarina in 1839 through the War of Independence knowns as Farroupilha Revolution. These events created national holidays in the days 24 and 29 of July in Santa Catarina and in September 20 in Rio Grande. Uruguay was the first to get their independence, the "Trinta e Três Orientais" movement fought for their independence in 1825 against the Brazilian Empire, getting it on 1828 with the support of the United Kingdom and Argentina.

In 1864, the declaration of war of Brazil against Uruguay reforced the ties of the Southern former provinces of Brazil, the Conference of 1864 created a Defensive Pact between Santa Catarina, Rio Grande and Uruguay, the continuous Brazilians aggressions lead to the Conference of 1865, creating the Meridian Confederation. After the Southern answer to the agressions, Brazil recognized the independence of Uruguay again. The Confedarion stayed united after the War and started annexing parts of the Paraná territory in Brazil as answer to the previously aggressions.

In the 21st century, Meridiana is a regional power and has the AIN's xxxx largest economy by nominal GDP by 2017 estimate. Meridiana has a growing industrial pole and specializes in several areas of high technology, from the naval area to the electronics, the leader in the Latin America. Santa Catarina is member of United Nations, Alliance of the Independent Nations, G20, Organization of American States, Union of South American Nations, Organization of Ibero-American States, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, International Organization for Italophonia, Latin Union and associate member of Mercosul. Meridiana still hold one of the highest GDP(PPP) Per Capita in South America, with an average value of US$ xxxx.

Etymology
The name Meridiana is associated with the Latin language as a result of the country being located geographically in the south of the planet. The name was chosen due to avoid the name "Southern Brazil" and "Cisplatina", the War of Uruguay led to the formation of the confederation with the chosen name, "Meridiana". The country has already be called by other nations as the United States of the South or the Southern Confederation, both names were abandoned in the 20 Century, after the First World War in agreements with the League of Nations.

First Contacts
The coastal region of Santa Catarina was always inhabited, before the colonial era, by indigenous tribes, and after that, was initially visited by French, Spanish and Portuguese. In 1504, the first colonial expedition took place, where in nowdays is the city of São Francisco do Sul, the first settlement in the Catarinian coast. In 1514, the Island of Santa Catarina, nowdays Desterro, was named as Island of the Ducks, where 17 people were settled in the same year. The coast of Santa Catarina was the stopping point for several navigators who traveled to the Plate River. With the advance of the Portuguese towards the south, the city of São Francisco do Sul was founded, the first city of the south part of the Portuguese colony. At the time of the discoveries, the region that today forms Rio Grande was inhabited by the Minuti Indians, plows and caaguaras, who lived 12,000 years BC. They were good potters and, in hunting, they used the boleadeiras, even today it still as instruments of the Gaucho culture. These tribes lived long without contact with the white settlers. The disputes between Portugal and Spain over the limits of their possessions in America meant that the region was only occupied in the seventeenth century. The Spanish Jesuit priests were the first to establish themselves in Rio Grande, at the time, part of the Capitany of Santana, based in Laguna. Rio Grande, before existing as a division of the Portuguese Empire, was a large pasture where cattle herders from Laguna took the animals to São Vicente, one of the Portuguese main colonial centers in America.

The documented inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrúa, a small tribe driven south by the Guarani of Paraguay. It is estimated that there were about 9,000 Charrúa and 6,000 Chaná and Guaraní at the time of contact with Europeans in the 1500s. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to enter the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. The Spanish arrived in present-day Uruguay in 1516. The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, Uruguay then became a zone of contention between the Spanish and Portuguese empires. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Río Negro. In 1669–71, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento. Spanish colonization increased as Spain sought to limit Portugal's expansion of Brazil's frontiers.

Colonization
The initial settlement of the coast area was based on mining practiced by the old inhabitants of São Vicente, arrived at the beginning of the seventeenth century, and from which resulted, in 1648, the foundation of the village of Paranaguá. In 1654, the dissemination of the existence of silver mines in the region led to the settlement of several other places south of Paranaguá, such as São Francisco do Sul(1658), Santa Catarina Island(1675), localities in which the Spanish occupation processed in the last century, there were almost no vestiges, and finally, Laguna (1676), settlements that were, respectively, in the times when they emerged, the most advanced of the southern coast and the basic nuclei of the Catarinian settlement.

The dissemination of these mineral riches not only attracted the Portuguese to the coastal stretch, but also led them to try to complete the plan to dominate it until the River Plate before the Spaniards again settled in some ports of this strip, guaranteeing the possession of the mines that possibly extending and extending the southern border to the platinum estuary which they considered as the natural limit of the territory. Carrying out their pretensions, they built, in 1680, on the left bank of the river of the Silver, not occupied by the Castilians, the Colony of Sacramento, one of the first settlements of Uruguay. Between Laguna, until the moment the most advanced settlement of the south coast, and the Colony of the Sacramento was opened the way destined, mainly, to attend to the commerce of the cattle. In the comings and goings, Portuguese and lagunistas became aware of the existence of the great herd of bovines and goats that there existed in the loose and they took advantage of it. The precincts began to appear and then the wintering that marked the temporary occupation of the region, in which there was no settlement nucleus. After all, in 1733, inhabitants of Laguna moved there, fixing themselves in the restingas between the sea and the lagoons. Laguna was, at the end of the seventeenth century, the point of support for the occupation of the South. From it departed the elements that settled in the coast of Rio Grande. Its inhabitants opened up the terrestrial paths to the Missões and others that completed the connections of São Paulo to Rio Grande. The first urban nucleus emerged four years later, when the Portuguese government ordered the foundation of a fort that would have as its objective the official and effective possession of Rio Grande and the defense of this part of the coast between Laguna and Colonia of Sacramento. It was the Fort of Jesus Maria José(1737) erected on the shore of the Lagoa dos Patos. Around it formed the original nucleus of the first village installed in Rio Grande, Rio Grande de São Pedro(1751), now the city of Rio Grande. After the foundation of the fort, lands were granted until Santa Vitória do Palmar, whose owners dedicated themselves especially to the cattle raising; the second population nucleus was São José do Norte (1763); was born when the Spaniards blocked the Colônia do Sacramento and attacked the town of Rio Grande de São Pedro whose inhabitants fled to Laguna, Rio de Janeiro and some to the other side of the canal, where they bloomed São José do Norte. After the foundation of the fort, lands were granted to Santa Vitória do Palmar, whose owners dedicated themselves especially to the cattle raising. The second population center was São José do Norte (1763), founded when the Spaniards blocked the Colony of Sacramento and attacked the village of Rio Grande de São Pedro whose inhabitants fled to Laguna, Rio de Janeiro and some to the other side of the channel, where they founded São José do Norte.

These sparse nuclei, not only on the coast of Rio Grande but also in Santa Catarina, did not constitute a guarantee to maintain possession of these areas near the border and threatened with external aggression. This led the Portuguese government to introduce in 1748 the colonization system with Azorean families in order to complete the occupation, establishing a continuous settlement from Santa Catarina to Rio Grande. Taking into account the defense issue, the location of the Azoreans was strategic, making themselves at points spaced from the coastal path. In Santa Catarina they settled in two stretches: Island of Santa Catarina - continental area bordering to him and around Laguna. In Rio Grande they were not limited to the coast, they also settled in nuclei throughout the Central Depression. The government's objective was to use the Azorean arm in agriculture, not only because the region's almost exclusive activity was cattle ranching, responsible for the rarefaction of its population, but above all for the interest of arresting man to the land, contributing to the strengthening of coastal occupation and accelerating the population density. The success was not complete. In Santa Catarina, although the coast provided better conditions, the islanders only planted for their subsistence, preferring to concentrate on the villages and settlements that soon developed. Contrary to what happened in Rio Grande, the Catarinian coastal area would later receive European immigrants and would evolve in a very significant way. In short, the settlement of the coastline was characterized by the fact that the influence of the natural factors was not very favorable, resulting in an inexpressive occupation in relation to the other zones of Southern Brazil, except for the strip corresponding to Santa Catarina, where the conditions were favorable to the establishment of the population, and some sections isolated from other States. As for the settlement, the interior, was based on cattle raising.

Uruguayan Independence
In 1811, José Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. In 1813, the new government in Buenos Aires convened a constituent assembly where Artigas emerged as a champion of federalism, demanding political and economic autonomy for each area, and for the Banda Oriental in particular. The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. As a result, Artigas broke with Buenos Aires and besieged Montevideo, taking the city in early 1815. Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. Artigas organized the Federal League under his protection, consisting of six provinces, four of which later became part of Argentina.

In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. After nearly four more years of struggle, the Portuguese Kingdom of Brazil annexed the Banda Oriental as a province under the name of "Cisplatina". The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. In response to the annexation, the Thirty-Three Orientals, led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata(present-day Argentina). This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. The nation's first constitution was adopted on 18 July 1830.

Brazilian Empire
Brazil got their independence in 1822, along this, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande and Cisplatina(nowadays Uruguay) became provinces of the Empire, with its capital in Desterro, Porto Alegre and Montevideo respectively. These provinces suffered from governamental discontinuity and abandonment from the central government based in Rio de Janeiro. In Santa Catarina, Francisco de Albuquerque Melo became President of the Province, Albuquerque brought stability to the province and implemented significant improvements, updating the ports, founding post offices and receiving the first German and Italian immigrants in Desterro. In his government was created the first means of communication of the province, the newspaper "O Catharinense". In Rio Grande, Brazil's independence brought war and efforts to sustain the Cisplatin War, which led Uruguay to independence in 1828. The influx of German immigrants to Porto Alegre marked the growth of agriculture in the province, in agriculture, handicrafts and small industry, balanced the pastoral landscape with its peaceful society, with no ties to the military patriarchy and alien to the tensions of the cattle economy, contrasting with the political and economic disputes of the first period of the Brazilian Empire.

Government
See also: Parliament of the Meridian Confederation Meridiana is a constitutional confederation with a federal division of powers. It uses a parliamentary system of government with the Confederation Council as the leader of the government, a group composed by four members elect by the Parliament. All the officies of Meridiana are elect for four years, in the Confederation Council, each of the four members stay one year in the office of President, representing the Confederation in international events. The four members represent the following departments: Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Affairs, Department of Foreign Affairs and the Department of Justice and Work. The Parliament has a unicameral system, composed of parties and coalitions elected in direct elections. Members of Parliament can form study commissions on how to improve the country, as well as propose laws and changes to the constitution. The largest parties of the Parliament are the Liberal Party, the National-Conservative Party and the Democrats, but also can be considered strong parties the Republican Party and the Libertarian Party. The Parliament is composed of xxx members from elected directly by the population.

The Meridian Law is based on the Common Civil Code(In Portuguese: Código Civil Comum), different from other countries, the Civil Code of Santa Catarina is a joint between Civil Law and Common Law. Part of the Meridian Code is written and detailed in codes, but there is a good part that there is no code, and therefore, it applies to Common Law, varying from Judge to Judge. Parliament to pass a law requires a consensus of 60% of the members, representing in the current parliament by xxx Parliamentarians. All bills must be discussed at least twice before they are approved. Department Secretaries are Members of Parliament chosen by the Parliament to serve as representant of internal and external affairs of the Confederation, there are currently 4 ministries, namely: Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Affairs, Department of Foreign Affairs and Department of Justice and Work.

International Relations
Meridiana's international relations are based on the Constitution, which establishes self-determination, international cooperation and the peaceful settlement of conflicts as the guiding principles of Meridianas's relationship with other countries and multilateral organizations. According to the Constitution, the President has ultimate authority over foreign policy, while the Congress is tasked with reviewing and considering all diplomatic nominations and international treaties, as well as legislation relating to Meridian foreign policy.

Meridiana's foreign policy is a by-product of the country's unique position as a regional power in Latin America, a leader among developing countries, and an emerging world power. The foreign policy has generally been based on the principles of multilateralism and peaceful agreements. In case of War, the declaration should pass throught the Parliament of the Confederation and be signed by the President.

Armed Forces
The Meridian Armed Forces are formed by the Meridian Navy, the Meridian Air Force and the Meridian Army, and they are one of the major forces of the Latin America, the Government invests about 5% of the National Budget in defense.