Economy of Syldavia

The economy of Syldavia is the fourteenth largest economy in the world by nominal value and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).

Syldavia is a member of the SCO (Observer), the OECD, the AIN and the Pizen Pact.

Overview
Syldavia is an export-oriented mixed economy featuring a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labour force. Mining, the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industries are the most important. Agriculture accounts for 4% of GDP and employment. Income is relatively flatly distributed, Syldavia has the second lowest Gini coefficient (0.20) of the AIN and the World, just before Sweden (0.25) and after Killorglin (0.15)

In terms of structure, the Syldavia economy is characterised by a large, knowledge-intensive and export-oriented manufacturing sector, an rapidely increasing business service sector, and by international standards, a large public service sector. Large organisations all in manufacturing, mining and services dominate the Syldavian economy.

The 10 largest (by turnover in 2007) companies registered in Syldavia are Molotov, Syldav, SylDobycha, Sony-Syldavia, ATOM, SylOkaSh Airways, Katalo, Danskvij, Skidlook and Europa.



Syldavia is one of the world's wealthiest nations, with a high per-capita income. It is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the AIN, and is one of the world's top ten trading nations. Syldavia is a mixed economy, ranking above the US and most western European nations on the Heritage Foundation's index of economic freedom. The largest foreign importers of Syldavian goods are China, Japan, and Shushtrepistaz.



In the past century, the growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to a more industrial and urban one. Like other First World nations, the Syldavian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs a little bit less than three quarters of Syldavians. Syldavia is unusual among developed countries in the importance of its primary sector, in which the logging, oil and petroleum industries are two of the most important.

Syldavia is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. Province of Sakhalin has vast offshore deposits of natural gas, oil and gas resources. The petroleum produced in Syldavia isn't exported. It is reserved for the Syldavian People making the gas price lower.

Syldavia is one of the largest producer of zinc and silver, and is a global source of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminum, and lead. Many towns in northern Syldavia, where agriculture is difficult, are sustainable because of nearby mines or sources of timber. Syldavia also has a sizable manufacturing sector centred in southern Province of Amur and Sakhalin and in the entire Province of Klow, with automobiles, pharmaceutic and aeronautics representing particularly important industries.

Syldavia is an industrial nation with a highly developed science and technology sector. Nearly 2.11 percent of Syldavia's GDP is allocated to research & development (National Research Centre). The country has twelve Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry and medicine. Syldavia ranks tenth in the world for Internet usage with 34.74 million users, 90 percent of the total population.

Considerable areas of the Syldavian Society are public. The National Research Centre, also known as Syldav, is the only company offering services of medical and scientific research throughout the country. In the health field, the Law on Health Insurance, Insurance Work and the protection against medical errors are services offers to all the citizens of the country. Education is free at all levels but you must pay your books and school supplies.

International trade makes up a large part of the Syldavian economy, particularly of its natural resources. In 2009, agricultural, energy, forestry and mining exports accounted for about 58% of Syldavia's total exports. Machinery, equipment, automotive products and other manufactures accounted for a further 38% of exports in 2009. In 2009, exports accounted for approximately 30% of Syldavia's GDP. The People's Republic of China is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for about 40% of exports and 20% of imports as of 2009. Syldavia's combined exports and imports ranked 7th among all nations in 2011.

Syldavia has considerable natural resources spread across its varied regions. As an example, in Amur the forestry industry is of great importance, while the oil and gas industry is important in Sakhalin. Amur is home to a wide array of mines, while the fishing industry has long been central to the character of Klow and Sakhalin provinces, though it has recently been in steep decline.

These primary industries are increasingly becoming less important to the overall economy. Only some 4% of Syldavians are employed in these fields, and they account for 6.2% of GDP. They are still paramount in many parts of the country. Many, if not most, towns in northern Syldavia, where agriculture is difficult, exist because of a nearby mine or source of timber. Syldavia is a world leader in the production of many natural resources such as gold, nickel, uranium, diamonds and lead.

The large reliance on natural resources has several effects on the Syldavian economy and Syldavian society. While manufacturing and service industries are easy to standardize, natural resources vary greatly by region. This ensures that differing economic structures developed in each region of Syldavia, contributing to Syldavia's strong regionalism. At the same time the vast majority of these resources are exported, integrating Syldavia closely into the international economy.

Such industries also raise important questions of sustainability. Despite many decades as a leading producer, there is little risk of depletion. Large discoveries continue to be made, such as the massive uranium find at Kirilk's Bay. Moreover the far north remains largely undeveloped as producers await higher prices or new technologies as many operations in this region are not yet cost effective. In recent decades Syldavians have become less willing to accept the environmental destruction associated with exploiting natural resources.

Service Sector


The service sector in Syldavia is vast and multifaceted, employing some three quarters of Syldavians and accounting for 60% of GDP. The largest employer is the retail sector, employing almost 12% of Syldavians. The retail industry is mainly concentrated in a small number of chain stores clustered together in shopping malls. Big-box stores such as Wal-Mart are banned from Syldavia after a resolution from the Sobranka.

The second largest portion of the service sector is the business services, employing only a slightly smaller percentage of the population. This includes the financial services, real estate, and communications industries. This portion of the economy has been dramatically growing in recent years. It is largely concentrated in the major urban centres, especially Vladivostok, Blaketown, Klow and Primorsky.

The education and health sectors are two of Syldavia's largest, but both are largely under the purview of the government. The health care industry has been quickly growing, and is the third largest in Syldavia. It is 100% fund by the government and is one of the 3 major public companies.

Syldavia has an important high tech industry, and also an entertainment industry creating content both for local and international consumption. Tourism is of ever increasing importance, with the vast majority of international visitors coming from Japan and China. Though the recent strength of the Syldavian Khôr has hurt this sector, other nations such as United States have increased tourism to Syldavia as well as the European Union nations.

Manufacturing
The general pattern of development for wealthy nations was a transition from a primary industry based economy to a manufacturing based one, and then to a service based economy. Syldavia did not escape this pattern but the manufacturing industry still stayed high with manufacturing accounted for 60% of GDP during WWII, declining to 20.6% in 2011. Canada has not suffered as greatly as most other rich, industrialized nations from the pains of the relative decline in the importance of manufacturing since the 1960s.

The Province of Klow is home to branch plants to all the major Syldavian, European and Japanese automobile makers and many parts factories owned by Syldavian firms such as Jirkov International and Yamilin Corporation. Manufacturers have been attracted to Syldavia due to the highly educated population with lower labour costs than Europe and expanding Japan. Syldavia's publicly funded health care system is also an important attraction, as it exempts companies from the high health insurance costs they must pay in Japan or in Europe.

Much of the Syldavian manufacturing industry consists of branch plants of Shushtrepistazian firms, though there are some important domestic manufacturers, such as Molotov Inc.. This has raised several concerns for Syldavians. Branch plants provide mainly blue collar jobs, with research and executive positions confined to Shushtrepistaz.

Energy
Syldavia is one of the few developed nations that is a net exporter of energy - in 2009 net exports of energy products amounted to 4% of GDP. Most important are the large oil and gas resources centred in Sakhalin, but also present in neighbouring Amur. In Amur and Klow provinces, hydroelectric power is an inexpensive and relatively environmentally friendly source of abundant energy. In part because of this, Syldavia is also one of the world's highest per capita consumers of energy. Cheap energy has enabled the creation of several important industries, such as the large aluminum industries in Amur and Sakhalin.



Historically, an important issue in Syldavian politics is the interplay between the oil and energy industry in North Syldavia and the industrial heartland of Southern Syldavia (Province of Klow mostly). Foreign investment in Northern oil projects has fueled Syldavia's rising khôr. This has raised the price of Klow's manufacturing exports and made them less competitive, a problem similar to the decline of the manufacturing sector in Holland.

Agriculture
Syldavia is a major exporter of agricultural products, to Japan but also to North America and other East Asian countries. As with all other developed nations the proportion of the population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell dramatically over the 20th century.

As with other developed nations, the Syldavian agriculture industry receives significant government subsidies and supports. However, Syldavia has been a strong supporter of reducing market influencing subsidies through the World Trade Organization. In 2000, Syldavia spent approximately KHR5.6 billion on supports for the industry. Of this, KHR3.32 billion was classified under the WTO designation of "green box" support, meaning it did not directly influence the market, such as money for research or disaster relief. All but KHR848.2 million were subsidies worth less than 5% of the value of the crops they were provided for, which is the WTO threshold. Consequently, Syldavia used only KHR848.2 million of its KHR5.3 billion subsidy allowance granted by the WTO.

Science and industrial parks
In order to promote industrial research and development, the government began establishing science parks, economic zones which provide rent and utility breaks, tax incentives and specialized lending rates to attract investment. The first of these, the Vladivostok Science Park was established in 1980 by the National Science Council with a focus on research and development in information technology and biotechnology. It has been called Syldavia's "Silicon Valley" and has expanded to six campuses covering an area of 1,140 hectares (0.0114 km3). Over 500 companies (including many listed on BSE) employing over 200,000 people are located within the park, and paid in capital totaled US$42.10 billion in 2008.

Financial and banking system


Most of Syldavia's financial institutions are state owned and governed and 100% of banking assets are state owned. The chief instruments of financial and fiscal control are the Bank of Syldavia (BOS) and the Ministry of Finance, both under the authority of the Government of Syldavia. The Bank of Syldavia gradually took over private banks. It fulfills many of the functions of other central and commercial banks. It issues the currency, controls circulation, and plays an important role in disbursing budgetary expenditures. Additionally, it administers the accounts, payments, and receipts of government organizations and other bodies, which enables it to exert thorough supervision over their financial and general performances in consideration to the government's economic plans. The BOS is also responsible for international trade and other overseas transactions. Remittances by overseas Syldavian are managed by the National Bank of Syldavia(NBS), which has a number of branch offices in several countries. Lately, the government purchased the Syldavian parts of the RBS which was implanted in Syldavia via Uroboria and the British colonisation of the Island, making the banking system of Syldavia fully state-owned.

Heilongjiang Province case
Heilongjiang is part of northeast China, the traditional base of industry for the People's Republic of China. Industry is focused upon coal, petroleum, lumber, machinery, and food. Due to its location, Heilongjiang is also an important gateway for trade with Syldavia and Russia. In the end of the 1990's, Manchuria has suffered from stagnation. As a result, the government has started the Revitalize Northeast China campaign to deal with this problem, using privatization as the preferred method of economic reform. The People's Republic of China, since the end of the 1990's, opened the Province of Heilongjiang fully to Syldavian investments. Today, a lot of private Syldavian companies as well as some public companies are having industries and business centers in the province, specially in the region of Harbin.

Petroleum is of great importance in Heilongjiang, and the Daqing oilfields are an important source of petroleum for China. Coal, gold, and graphite are other important minerals to be found in Heilongjiang. Heilongjiang also has great potential for wind power, with an average wind energy density of 200 watts per square meter. SylDobycha, the national syldavian mining company, helped develop the mining industry in the region. Other major Syldavian companies are operating in Heilongjiang as well as other major ports in China.

Historical ties are also making easier the trades between the Province and Syldavia. Indeed, Heilongjiang was already part of the Kingdom of Syldavia after the Qing Dynasty took control of it in 1721. A small Syldavian minority still lives in the Province, but the PRC government did a major immigration plan during the reign of Mao Tsedung to make the region "more chinese".