Sonora

The Federal Republic of Sonora, commonly known simply as Sonora, is a nation on the west coast of North America. It is bordered to the north by California, to the east by the United States, to the south by Mexico, and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Originally inhabited by various indigenous people since at least 10,000 BC, Sonora was discovered by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, a Spanish explorer, in 1542. The territory was subsequently claimed and colonized by Spain, who established 21 Catholic Missions in the Californias. In 1821, California became part of the newly-independent Mexican state. Between the 1770s and this period, the Californias began to be settled by republican refugees from the United States. These refugees sought to establish English-speaking republics in the West after the failure of the British colonies to form an independent republic. By the 1830s, the Californias and Texas became majority English-speaking. After the Texan Revolution, the Californias declared independence, achieving it after the capture of Mexican Antonio López de Santa Anna. Shortly afterward, the country split into California and Sonora.

Today, Sonora is a highly developed country The economy of Sonora is largely post industrial, with the service sector dominating economic output. While dwarfed by the neighboring United States, Sonora is considered a middle power, holding a moderate degree of military and, in particular, economic power projection over the north Pacific region. California holds a record of being very socially and economically liberal, boasting high ranks on account of LGBT and human rights and is highly ranked among countries enjoying high economic freedom. Sonora is a signatory of the Trans Pacific Partnership and is a member of the OECD, NAFTA, and is a founding member of the United Nations.

Etymology
Several theories exist as to the origin of the name "Sonora". One theory states that the name was derived from Nuestra Señora, the name given to the territory when Diego de Guzmán crossed the Yaqui River on the day of Nuestra Señora del Rosario ("Our Lady of the Rosary"), which falls on October 7 with the pronunciation possibly changing because none of the indigenous languages of the area have the ñ sound. Another theory states that Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions, who had wrecked off the Florida coast and made their way across the continent, were forced to cross the arid state from north to south, carrying an image of Nuestra Señora de las Angustias ("Our Lady of Anguish") on a cloth. They encountered the Opata, who could not pronounce Señora, instead saying Senora or Sonora. A third theory, written by Father Cristóbal de Cañas in 1730, states that the name comes from the word for a natural water well, sonot, which the Spaniards eventually modified to "Sonora". The first record of the name Sonora comes from explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, who passed through the state in 1540 and called part of the area the Valle de la Sonora. Francisco de Ibarra also traveled through the area in 1567 and referred to the Valles de Señora. The literal meaning of "sonora" in Spanish is "sonorous" or "loud."

Pre-independence
Before European colonization, Sonora was inhabited by a wide variety of Native American tribes. In fact, Sonora is considered to have had the most linguistically and culturally diverse collection of Native Americans in North America before the arrival of Europeans. The Mayo, Navajo, and Yaqui Seri are among the more significant groups of the period, having engaged in trade, wars, and alliances with other groups.

Sonora was discovered by Europeans, when Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo first discovered Cabo San Lucas in October 1542. Cabrillo sailed along the entire coast of California and Sonora on the same voyage, claiming the territory as part of the Spanish Empire.

While claimed by Spain under New Spain (later Mexico), the area remained sparsely populated apart from established settlements in Sonora and southern Alta California and various Catholic missions. In the late 1700s, the area began to see trickles of immigration from the British Empire, particularly those seeking to find new sources of income. Many established vineyards along the south and central coasts of the country, which had a climate suitable to the cultivation of wine. After independence in 1821, the area became part of Mexico. As part of the empresario program, aimed at settling the northern territories of Mexico, instituted by the Mexican government, many migrants from the United Provinces began migrating to the California and Sonora, particularly the areas settled by the British migrants, assimilating into their communities due to the existing Anglo population. They began to outnumber the Mexican population within a decade and began to settle in more numbers, increasing the Anglo population in the countryside and even in the cities, especially Los Santos, San Diego,Hermosillo and others, which saw increased industrialization under British and American expatriates. Many settlers also sought to settle in Sonora since their original destination, Tejas, was being settled by pro-slavery Carolinians and wished to avoid the practice. By the 1830s, the Anglo population of Sonora was quite sizable and influential.

When the Texan Republic revolted in 1835 after Santa Ana’s drive for centralization and a clampdown on the Anglo population of Mexico’s northern territories, the Anglo population of California and Sonora chose to side with the Texan rebels and organized their own military units in the Bear Flag Revolt. The forces overwhelmed the stationed Mexican troops and the rebellion achieved high support from the native Mexican population, who themselves began to see themselves more as “Sonoran” than Mexicans. The distance of Sonora from the heart of Mexico and his defeat in the war against Texas prompted Santa Ana to grant California and Sonora independence on December 18th, 1836. The Californian-Texan border was subsequently decided on October 7th, 1837.

Post-Independence
The southern part of the new nation wanted recognition of the Spanish language and after a discussion we came to the Treaty of the two Californias with the formation of California and Sonora.In May 1838 the history of the Federal Republic of Sonora begins.

The first sonoran president is Stephen Stockton considered the father of the nation. In this transition period, Sonora constitution and the formation of the Sonoran state are established. In addition to the management of the organization of the state, other laws are passed to stimulate agriculture. In 1948 there is the fever of gold and were discovered gold deposits in Sonora that caused an increase of population.

In 1850 the new sonoran president is Alberto Turner. Being an entrepreneur, he apply laws to promote industrial development. With these laws there is a rapid increase in the population. With the passing of the Colini Act, all immigrants who moved to Sonora received a piece of land.

In 1867 were scoped coal field and iron ore. In 1870 the new president of Sonora is Romeo Sanchez another industrialist who is considered the founder of the sonoran railways because of its laws that allowed to attract industrialists and funds to build railways. In this period Sonora is crossed by a massive industrial development thanks to the railway. The second transcontinetal connecting the city of San Diego with the American city of El Paso is opened. In addition to the railways, numerous economic laws are passed, such as banking laws that allowed the development of banking activities in addition to social laws that improved the condition of workers

In 1982, President Alberto John Colins was elected president. continued the work of Romeo Sanchez in the creation of the modern sonora In 1986, there was an increase in the tension between citizens of Europe against Chinese immigrants. In this epriodo, several laws are passed in order to pacify the racial tension. One such election is the Chinese immigration Act that forced Chinese immigrants to live in a determined neighborhood that will later be known as chinatown. In addition to racial tensions, we have the first environmental laws with the formation of the first national parks. By the end of the nineteenth century, the sound had become a modern state that was ready to overwhelm the new difficulties of the twentieth century.

19th Century
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Cold War
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Modern day
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Economy
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Agriculture
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Mineral resources
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Oil industry and chemical industry
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Industry
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High-tech industry
The high-tech industry has developed together with California thanks to [w:Computer| Computers]]. Many sound features are in the computer hardware and software manufacturing industry. The most important sound companies for the supply of hardware components are Intel, Nvidia, Razer Inc., Qualcomm and Microchip Technology. Intel and Nvidia are the companies that dominate the cpu and gpu market and their rival group is the Californian company Advanced Micro Devices. Qualcomm is the world's leading provider of smarthpohne hardware. In addition to these three industries there are other smaller industries that produce integrated circuits for computers such as ON Semiconductor and  Amkor Technology. On the sonora there are many software houses like Insight Enterprises. The world's most famous software houses are Rockstar San Diego famous for games like  Grand Theft Auto V and  Red Dead Redemption 2 and the software house  Maxis developer of the video game series  SimCity. There are other companies that are linked in the development of software and video games.

In addition to the IT sector, there are other high-tech companies. The second highly developed area is biotechnology. One of the leading companies in this sector and the faurmaceutica company Acadia Pharmaceuticals. There are companies that provide tools for biotechnology companies such as Accelrys. Near Scottsdale, Arizona is the presence of the company Alcor Life Extension Foundation specializing in the research of cryogenetics applied to humans.

The defense industry is very developed especially in San Diego. There are companies like Chassis Plans and  Cubic Corporation that specialize in the defense of  Cyberspace. The largest defense company in the field is General Atomics. This company in addition to the production of defense material is a company specialized in the construction of civil and military nuclear reactors. General Atomics built the first experimental nuclear fusion reactor near San Diego with the collaboration of the Department of Energy and Department of Education and Scientific Research with the aim of improving the technological development on the nuclear fusion. The fusion nuclear reactor is called DIII-D

Banking
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Tourism
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Energy
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Water
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Road
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Rail
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