Soviyya

Soviyya (Russian: Совийя),  officially the United Kingdom of Soviyya (Russian: Соединенное Королевство Совийя), is a Unitary Federal Monarchy and a sovereign state in the North Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, Soviyya borders the Russia to the north, Ukraine & Hiigaran Confederacy to the northwest, Sea of Azov and Black Sea to the west, Georgia and Azerbaijan to the south, Caspian Sea to the East and Kazakhstan to the northeast, respectively. It has an area of 589,200 km² between the Don River and the Volga River to the North Caucasus region.

Etymology
The name Soviyya is derived from Sau (Сау), a medieval state populated mostly by the Volga Huns. However, this proper name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants "Сауская Земля" (sauskaya zemlya) which could be translated as "Sauskaya Land" or "Land of Sau'".

History
Main Article: History of Soviyya

First Act of Union


Early union territory was some small kingdoms in the Lower Volga River was after the destruction by the Mongol army between the years 1222 to 1223 along the path that they passed around the Caucasus. Several small kingdoms that are close together in agreement to unite their kingdoms into unity under the agreed rules.

The Unity is named United kingdom Soviyya, according to the name of the queen is chosen as the leader of the union that is the Queen Soviyya I from Kingdom of Astrakhan. During the Mongol attacks from the north and south regions Soviyya around the year 1240 to 1502, more kingdoms, cities, and other minor territories joined Soviyya. Soviyya region include the downstream of the river Volga to the Don rivers north of the Northern Caucasus to the Volga plains. At that moment Soviyya become an important gateway of the Silk Road between the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea.

Relationship with Russia


In the summer of 1551, expansion of the Tsarist Russia annexed going to to the south and far east. Territory conquered by Tsarist Russia including Siberia and Kazan which is a region very close to Astrakhan, Soviyya capital at that time, 5-year war between Russia Soviyya the ongoing border Astrakhan - Kazan until claimed more than 10,000 lives from both sides. Finally, on December 22, 1556 and both parties are Soviyya and Russia ceasefire agreements 'borderlend'. Where the agreement is a statement Soviyya territory is recognized by Russia and do not attack each other. As a reward, Russia give Southern Kazan Area, the site of a war between the two kingdoms.

In 1560, the capital city of Soviyya was moved from Astrakhan to Tsaritsyn, A new city was built as a symbol of unity among the kingdoms. This is a new bookmark in the life of United Kingdom of Soviyya. Tsaritsyn became Soviyya biggest trade city within a few years, became the city with the largest planned urban development in Eastern of Europe at that era. People from all over Europe came to try his fortune in Tsaritsyn.

Within the period of imperial Russia, Soviyya became a close friend of Russian Empire. But at that moment Soviyya relations with the Ottoman Empire became inharmonious, overland trade routes from the Caucasus towards Soviyya blocked during the war between Russia to the Ottoman. Some of the early years of the first block, would be very difficult, especially because Soviyya emphasize development of the trade sector. But over time, Soviyya trying to open more independent with farms and livestock are also updating the technology in the field of water and transport.

World War I
When the First World War took place, the area Soviyya Black Sea coast was attacked and occupied by the Ottoman Empire as a shortcut to attack Moscow, in the end inevitably making a previously neutral Soviyya joined Imperial Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire as an ally. Ottomans were driven back from the Soviyya and the northern Black Sea. Impact damage is felt after the first world war, Soviyya cities in the western region were completely destroyed, requiring couple years to rebuild the western region.

World War II
During Soviet rule, Soviyya become one of the Soviet satellite countries. Soviyya fully support Soviet rule in eastern Europe. During the second world war, Soviyya helped keep the Soviet Union's front line of defense against Germany.

Bad luck befall Soviyya, operation of Barbarossa by Germany, also strike Soviyya that helped the Soviet Union during the war. The whole area of United Kingdom of Soviyya was occupied by the Germans. Almost all regions Soviyya west coast to the central district was occupied by German forces, the news from the big cities like Rostov and Stepnoy which first occupied difficult to obtain, because the lines of communication and transportation was cut by the German army.

On 10 August 1942, Queen Isabel ordered the transfer of the capital moved back to Astrakhan after Tsaritsyn area was starting besieged by German forces. On 22 August 1942, more than half the population of Tsaritsyn regions has left the Capital to the Astrakhan and east side of the river Volga. The panic is felt in all terminals, stations and river crossings in the city during the the week of exodus took place.

In November 1942, aid from the Soviet Union to free Soviyya arrived, the Soviets cut off the German defenses on the river Don, and took over the city of Tsaritsyn hand German occupation. The following months were spent to repel a German from the United Kingdom of Soviyya., especially during winter in a very cold Soviyya for the Germans.

Over the next 30 years were spent by Soviyya to rebuild all that was destroyed due to the second world war.

Present Soviyya


Soviyya in today as a trade center and a liaison between the Black Sea with the Caspian Sea. Some trade city grew rapidly including Astrakhan, Dongrad and Tsaritsyn.

Climate
The coastal part of Kingdom of Azov on the Black Sea, most notably in Sochi, possesses a humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. The region along the Lower Volga and Caspian Sea coast, possesses a semi-arid climate.

Administrative divisions


The United Kingdom of Soviyya comprises 13 federal subjects. These subjects have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council. However, they differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy.


 * 3 Khanates : most known as the first states that declared the unification in 1225.
 * 3 Federal Kingdoms : The "territory" designation is historic, areas that were once part of old royal predecessors.
 * 2 Federation States : common type of federal subjects, with locally elected governor and legislature,a conquered area at the time of the Soviyyan Empire.
 * 2 Unions : are meant to be home to specific ethnic minorities.
 * 3 Republics : nominally autonomous; each has its own constitution, direct-elected head of republic or a similar post, and parliament. Republics are allowed to establish their own official language alongside Soviyyan but are represented by the federal government in international affairs.

Transport


Most of the Soviyyan road system has not been upgraded since the Soviet era, and is now outdated. The Soviyyan government has pledged to build some 10,000 km of motorways by 2015. In total, Soviyyan paved roads stretch for 219,732 kilometres. The network of major routes, marked with the letter ‘M’ for ‘International’ (Russian: Международный), extends nationwide and connects all the major cities of Soviyya as well as providing cross-border routes to the country’s neighbours. Currently there are only six true motorway standard highways in Soviyya; a 175 km stretch of motorway from Dongrad to Tsaritsyn, and a section of the M01 which extends 18 km from Tsaritsyn to Volzhsky, where the Tsaritsyn International Airport is located.

Rail transport in Soviyya plays the role of connecting all major urban areas, port facilities and industrial centres with neighbouring countries. The heaviest concentration of railroad track is located in the Don region of Soviyya. Although the amount of freight transported by rail fell by 8 percent in 1993 in comparison with 1994, Soviyya is still one of the world’s highest rail users. The total amount of railroad track in Soviyya extends for 25,473 kilometres, of which 7,250 kilometres is electrified. Currently the state has a monopoly on the provision of passenger rail transport, and all trains, other than those with cooperation of other foreign companies on international routes, are operated by its company ‘Sovway’.



Seven Soviyyan cities have tram networks, and the seven cities are Dongrad, Tsaritsyn, Novaya Astrakhan, Yekaterinodar, Grozny, Sochi and Makhachkala.

Dongrad Airport is the county's largest international airport; it has a total of three main passenger terminals and is the base for Soviyya's national airlines. Other large airports in the country include those in Tsaritsyn and Novaya Astrakhan - all of which have recently-constructed, modern terminals and aviation facilities, whilst those in Tsaritsyn and Noveye Astrakhan have plans for terminal upgrades in the near future. Soviyya has a number of airlines, the largest of which are the nation’s flag carriers, Soviyya Airlines.

International maritime travel is mainly provided through the Port of Novorossiysk, from where ferries sail regularly to Sochi, Fort Nikolaevsk, Varna, Geiko, Belogoria and Constatinopel on Hiigaran Confederacy. The largest ferry company presently operating these routes is Sovferry.

Fuel resources
Soviyya produces and processes its own natural gas and petroleum. The majority of these commodities are produced its own, mostly from North Caucasus. Natural gas is heavily utilized not only in energy production but also by steel and chemical industries of the country, as well as by the district heating sector. In 2000, Loshad started exploration drilling for shale gas in Soviyya—a project aimed at the nation's total gas supply independence.

Power generation


Soviyya is a net energy exporting country (in 2011, 10% of electricity produced were exported) but also one of Europe’s largest energy consumers. As of 2011, 40,2% of total electricity generation in Soviyya was coming from Hydroelectric power. The largest hydroelectric station in Europe, the Volga Hydroelectric Station, is located in Tsaritsyn, Soviyya. Nuclear power and petroleum- and gas-fired thermal power station are the second and third largest kinds of power generation in the country.

Renewable energy use
The share of renewables within the total energy mix of Soviyya is growing fast. Total installed capacity of renewable energy installations more than doubled in 2011 and now stands at 1050 MW. In 2011 several large solar power stations were opened in Soviyya, among them Eurasia’s largest solar park near Makhachkala, Daghestan. Soviyyan State Agency for Energy Efficiency and Conservation forecasts that combined installed capacity of wind and solar power plants in Soviyya could increase by another 800 MW in 2015. According to Tsaritsyn University Research, by 2017 Soviyya will construct and commission new solar power stations with a total capacity of 1.9 GW, which is almost equivalent to the capacity of two nuclear reactors.

The Economic Bank for Reconstruction and Development estimates that Soviyya has great renewable energy potential: the technical potential for wind energy is estimated at 40 TWh/year, small hydropower stations at 8.3 TWh/year, biomass at 120 TWh/year, and solar energy at 50 TWh/year. In 2013, Soviyya's Ministry of Energy & mining predicted that the installed capacity of generation from alternative and renewable energy sources would increase to 9% (about 6 GW) of the total electricity production in the country.

Languages
According to the constitution, the state language of Soviyya is Soviyyan. Russian is widely spoken, especially in Northern and Northwestern Soviyya. According to the 2001 census, 63,5 percent of the population declared Soviyyan as their native language and 36.5 percent declared Russian. Most native Soviyyan speakers know Russian as a second language. Russian was the de facto official language of the Soviet Union but both Russian and Soviyyan were official languages in the Soviet Union and in the schools of the Soviyyan SSR learning Soviyyan was mandatory.

Soviyyan is mainly spoken in central & southern Soviyya. In Eastern Soviyya, Soviyyan is also the dominant language in cities (such as Makhachkala). In central Soviyya, Soviyyan and Russian are both equally used in cities, with Russian being more common in Stepnoy, while Soviyyan is the dominant language in rural communities. In eastern and Western Soviyya, Russian is primarily used in cities, and Soviyyan is used in rural areas. These details result in a significant difference across different survey results, as even a small restating of a question switches responses of a significant group of people.

For a large part of the Soviet era, the number of Soviyyan speakers declined from generation to generation, and by the mid-1980s, the usage of the Soviyyan language in public life had decreased significantly. Following independence, the government of Soviyya began restoring the image and usage of Soviyyan language through a policy of Soviyyanisation. Today, all foreign films and TV programs, including Russian ones, are subbed or dubbed in Soviyyan.

Religion


Orthodox Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism are Soviyya's traditional religions, and are all legally a part of Soviyya's "historical heritage". Traced back to the Christianization of Kievan Rus' in the 10th century, Russian Orthodoxy is the dominant religion in the country; smaller Christian denominations such as Catholics, Armenian Gregorians and various Protestant churches also exist. The Russian Orthodox Church was the country's state religion prior to the Revolution and remains the largest religious body in the country. Estimates on how many believers the church has fluctuate widely in different sources. A 15 January 2013 statistic by the Soviyyan Academy of Sciences announced that 79% of the Soviyyan population belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. 95% of the registered Orthodox parishes belong to the Russian Orthodox Church while there are a number of smaller Orthodox Churches. However, the vast majority of Orthodox believers do not attend church on a regular basis. Easter is the most popular religious holiday in Soviyya, celebrated by more than 90% of all Soviyyan citizens, including large numbers of those who are non-religious. More than three-quarters of the Soviyyan population celebrate Easter by making traditional Easter cakes, coloured eggs and paskha.

Estimates of the number of Muslims in Soviyya range from 6–7 million by local sources, to 8–9 million by Western and Islamic sources. There are approximately 1 to 2 million temporary Muslim migrants from the post-Soviet states. Most Muslims live in the North Caucasus region.

Buddhism is traditional in one regions of the Soviyyan Federation, Khazaria. Induction into religion takes place primarily along ethnic lines. Sauvic are overwhelmingly Orthodox Christian, Turkic speakers are predominantly Muslim, and Mongolic peoples are generally Buddhists.

Various reports put the number of non-religious in Soviyya at between 5–11% of the population. The number of atheists has decreased significantly; according to the recent statistic, only four percent declared themselves atheists, a decrease of 20% in five years.

Education
Soviyya has a free education system – this is guaranteed for all citizens by the Constitution, however an entry to subsidized post-secondary education is highly competitive. As a result of great emphasis on science and technology in education, Soviyyan medical, mathematical, scientific, and agricultural research is generally of a high order.

Since 1990, the 12-year school education has been introduced. Education in state-owned secondary schools is free. University level education is free, with exceptions. A substantial share of students is enrolled for full pay (many state institutions started to open commercial positions in the last years).

In 2004, state spending for education amounted to 6% of the GDP, or 20% of the consolidated state budget. The Government allocates funding to pay the tuition fees within an established quota or number of students for each state institution. In higher education institutions, students are paid a small stipend and provided with free housing if they are from out of town.

The oldest and largest Russian universities are Tsaritsyn State University and Astrakhan State University. In the 2000s, in order to create higher education and research institutions of comparable scale in Soviyyan regions, the government launched a program of establishing federal universities, mostly by merging existing large regional universities and research institutes and providing them with a special funding. These new institutions include the Sabirs Federal University, Makhachkala Federal University, Yekaterinodar Federal University, Stepnoy Federal University and Dongrad International University.

Healthcare
Healthcare in the Soviyya is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all Soviyya permanent residents and is free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The World Health Organization, in 2000, ranked the provision of healthcare in the Soviyya as fifteenth best in Europe and eighteenth in the world.

Regulatory bodies are organised on a UK-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in Tsaritsyn, Don, Volga & Khazaria is the responsibility of the Soviyya Government; healthcare in Azov, Adygea & Sabirs is the responsibility of the West Federation Executive; and healthcare in North Caucasus & Daghestan is the responsibility of the North Caucasus Assembly Government. Each National Health Service has different policies and priorities, resulting in contrasts.

Holiday

 * January 1 – New Year
 * January 7 - Eastern Orthodox Christmas
 * September 17 to 19 - Union's Day Celebration

Media
Soviyya has instituted Fredom of press since the fall of communism, a system under which the media was heavily politically controlled and censored. However, public TV and radio are still regulated by the government, this is exercised through an agency called Natsional'nogo radio i televideniya komiteta (The National Radio and Television Committee), which is similar to television regulatory commissions in other developed nations.



Soviyya has a number of major media outlets, chief among which are the national television channels. VMN is Poland's public broadcasting corporation; about a third of its income comes from a broadcast receiver licence, while the rest is made through revenue from commercials and sponsorships. State television operates two mainstream channels, VMN 1 and VMN 2, as well as regional programs (VMN Info) for each of the country's 16 voivodeships. In addition to these general channels, TVP runs a number of genre-specific programmes such as VMN Sport, VMN Historia, VMN Kultura and VMN Seriale; there are currently plans to run channels dedicated to the coverage of political affairs (VMN Parlament) and entertainment (VMN Razvlecheniya).

Soviyya has a number of internationally broadcast and 24-hour news channels, chief among which are SovOne News, VMN 24, and TV Soviyya, the latter is a state-run channel dedicated to the transmission of Soviyyan language television for the Polish diaspora abroad. There are a number of major private television outlets such as SovOne and the VMN network.

Poland has a highly developed printed news industry, with daily newspapers like Izbiratel'naya Gazeta (The Electoral Gazette), Respublika (The Republic) and Gazeta Soviyyan providing more traditional, intellectually stimulating reporting and tabloids such as Fakt providing more sensationalist writing which is less current affairs orientated. Respublika is one of the nation's oldest publications still in operation today, founded in 1920, it has become a stalwart bastion of Soviyyan reporting and in 2006 won a prestigious award for being, along with the Guardian (a British daily), the best designed newspaper in the world.

Sport
Soviyya greatly benefited from the Soviet emphasis on physical education. Such policies left Soviyya with hundreds of stadia, swimming pools, gymnasia, and many other athletic facilities. The most popular sport is football. Rugby, Track and field, basketball, volleyball, handball, boxing, MMA, speedway, ski jumping, cross-country skiing, ice hockey, tennis, fencing, swimming and weightlifting are other popular sports.