Teiko

Teikō (帝光), officially known as the Socialist Republic of Teikō, is a sovereign island nation located at East Asia bordered by the State of Japan in the south, Russian Federation on the North, Teiko Sea in the West and Pacific Ocean in the East. The central government of Teikō which has its seat in the capital of Tetsuya Special Administrative Region currently exercises jurisdictions over six regions which is further subdivided into 31 prefectures. The characters that make up Teiko’s name means “sovereign light”, which is why Teikō is sometimes referred to as the “Light of the Orient”. Teikō is one of the three major Japanese speaking countries in the world.

Teikō is an archipelago of 386 islands covering approximately at least 372,720 sq. kilometers (143,902 sq. miles). The two main islands of Daichi and Sakura contributes almost 90% of Teiko's total land area. Teiko's population of 16 million are widely concentrated on Daichi Island specifically the cities of Kaijo and Rakuzan which has a combined total population of nearly 9 million people.

Archaeological research indicates that the first sign of human beings in Teiko dates back up to 10,000 B.C. during the arrival of the Adi Man from mainland Asia. Major permanent settlements were recorded in 400 B.C. along the Ao and Kuro Rivers. The first written mention of Teiko is from Chinese scrolls dating back to the 1st Century A.D. From 710 to 1870, Teiko was ruled under Japan and it's feudalistic system. In 1869, the Kaijo Mutiny led by Himura Kenshin brought an end to Japanese rule and the formation of the State of Teiko. In the early 19th century, victories of the Teiko-Japan War in 1894 and Teiko-Russian War in 1904 allowed Teiko to remain as a sovereign state while annexing the island of Sakura from Russia. Teiko suffered massive destruction during World War 2 and was rebuilt with foreign help on 1946. Continuous fights against socialist and democrats led to the Teiko 1986 Constitutional Crises. Since the adoption of the Teiko Constitution of 1986, Teiko has maintained to be largely socialistic with a premier and an elected unicameral legislature called Teiko National Council.

Between 1950 to 1986, Teiko's economy grew rapidly at an annual rate of 9% fueled by annual export growth of 21% and massive centralized planning in a period call Haeru Period that rapidly transfered Teiko into a high-income advanced country in the modern era. Statistically, financial sector and real estate contributes biggest to the country's economy. Anime and manga are also hugely successful industries and the second biggest after that of Japan. Teiko's manufacturing sector also includes automotive and consumer electronics. Teiko also ranks high in metrics of prosperity such as Human Development Index and is a member of several international organizations such as OECD, WTO, IMF, EAS and G-20. Teiko International Cooperative Agency (TICA) is the operating body of the government of Teiko that facilitates international aid and development assistance.

Etymology
Teiko was named by a Japanese explorer named Gakusha Masaharu who first reached the island of Daichi on 745. The named Teiko which has its roots from the Kanji 帝 (Mikado) and 光 (Hikari) literally means sovereign light. Gakusha described his glorious encounters with the gods in his journal which was refurnished in 1989. Eventually the name Teiko would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other names such as Doppo, Shinya and Etedo were used.

The official name of Teiko has changed several times in the course of the country's history. After the Kaijo Mutiny, the Iwatomo Congress proclaimed the establishment of the State of Teiko. From the period of the Teiko-Japan War, the country is referred to as the Teiko Islands as its sovereignty is not internationally recognized. From the 1904-1945, the name People's Republic of Teiko began to appear and it has since become the country's common name. Since the end of World War 2, the official name of the country has been the Republic of Teiko. In 1986 after a constitutional crises, the name was finally changed to its present form, Socialist Republic of Teiko.

History
Main article: History of Teiko

Government and Politics
Main articles: Government of Teiko and Politics of Teiko

The Government of Teiko is the unitary government of the Socialist Republic of Teiko. Teiko has been a constitutional republic under a unitary parliamentary system since 1895. The country has existed in some form prior to its independence, but the country emerged as a modern nation state after the foundation of the Setagaya Dynasty and the City of Kaijo in 800. The Kaijo Mutiny brought an end to the absolute feudalistic government by Japan and replaced it with a system of constitutional republic. Since then, despite having 8 constitutions, the form of government has remained the same and the current administration follows the Teiko Constitution of 1986. Power is chiefly held by the Teiko Premier and other elected members of the Central-46 while the while sovereignty is vested in the Teikonian people. All the government offices are located within Tetsuya, the capital city of Teiko.



Teiko's legislative organ is the Teiko National Council which is colloquially called Central-46, a unicameral parliament headed by a Sandaedeung. The Central-46 consists of 150 prefectural representatives voted every six years or when dissolved. There is universal suffrage for adults over 18 years of age, with a secret ballot for all elected offices. The Central-46 is dominated by the social liberal Democratic Party of Teiko (DPT) and the socialistic Teiko National Party (TNP). The TNP has enjoyed near continuous electoral success since 1977, except for a brief 6 month period in 1986 during the 1986 Teiko Constitutional Crises, and from 2001 to 2007 and again in 2013. As of the 2013 council, it holds 108 seats while the DPT holds 21 seats.

The Sandaedeung is the head and the presiding officer of the Central-46. He is considered to be the head of the legislative branch. He has overall charge of the administration of the Central-46 and its secretariat and presides over all parliamentary sittings. The sandaedeung is third in line of the premier succession after the vice premier. The sandaedeung is not necessarily from the majority party and is elected also through the first session of incoming Central-46 Congress. The current sandaedeung is Fukui Kensuke.

The Teiko Premier is the head of government and state is elected directly by the people through plurality majority. The constitution dictates that only current members of the Central-46 premier shall be eligible to run for the office. The Premier is the head of the Cabinet, and he appoints justices of the Supreme Court of Teiko and commissioners of the different constitutional commissions with approval of the national council. It doesn't follow that the candidate of the majority party will automatically be elected as Teiko Premier. The current premier is Seijuro Akashi who won the 2009 Teiko National Elections via landslide and was inaugurated as the _th Premier of Teiko on January 30, 2010.

The Supreme Court of Teiko is the highest judicial body in Teiko. The Supreme Court is headed by the Chief Justice of Teiko and 5 Associate Justices. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over cases involving fundamental rights. It has the power both to declare the law and to strike down union or state laws which contravene the constitution. The Supreme Court is also the ultimate interpreter of the constitution. All justices are given lifetime tenure unless otherwise removed from power by the Blue Ribbon Committee. Shinichi Kudo, the current chief justice has been in his position since his appointment in 2001.

Political Parties
In 2012 there are 3 major political parties in Teiko, namely, the Democratic Party of Teiko (DPT), the Teiko National Party (TNP) and the Teiko Liberal Party (TLP). TNP was formerly known as the Socialit Party of Teiko (SPT).

Elections
With the current status of the government of Teiko, it has two elections which occurs alternately every three years, national elections and general elections. The general elections are held midway through the tenure of the Teiko Premier. Both the general and national elections includes local and prefectural elections, the national elections however also includes election of the premier and the vice-premier among the incumbent prefectural representatives. Elections are supervised by the local Commission on Elections (Comelec) at each administrative level under the general direction of the national Comelec. The Comelec is among the few constitutional chartered committees that serves under the premier directly without being under any ministry.

Administrative Division
Further information: Prefectures of Teiko, Regions of Teiko, Cities of Teiko, Towns of Teiko and Villages of Teiko

Economy
Main article: Economy of Teiko

Energy
Main article: Energy in Teiko

Transportation
Main article: Transportation in Teiko

Communication
Main article: Communications in Teiko

Cities
Main article: List of Cities in Teiko

A city is local administrative unit of Teikō. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns and villages, with the difference that they are not component of the district. Like any other administrative units, cities are defined by the Teiko Constitution of 1986.

City Status

Article 10, Section 5 of the Teiko Constitution of 1986 sets the the following conditions for a municipality to be designated as a city: The designation will be approved by the prefectural governor and the minister of interior and district government.
 * Population must be at least at 75,000 or greater
 * At least 60% of the household must be established in a central urban area
 * At least 60% of the household must be employed in commerce, industry or other urban occupations as designated by the Ministry of Interior and District Government.
 * Any other ordinance set by the prefectural ordinance must be satisfied.

A city can be theoretically demoted into a town or village when it fails to meet any of the following conditions stated above, but such demotion has not yet occurred.

Classification for large cities

The Cabinet of Teiko can designate a city of at least 200,000 inhabitants to have the status of a special city, core city or designated city. These statuses expand the scope of administrative authority designated from the prefectural government to the city government.

Status of Kaijo and Rakuzan

Kaijo and Rakuzan City, both the top two largest cities in Teiko existed as singe core city until 1986 when it was designated as special administrative economic areas to be directly governed by the central government.

List of Largest Metropolitan Areas

Nearly 80% of all Teikonians live in urban areas. Majority of them lives in the Kiseki no Kaigan (Coast of Miracles) which is colloquially called as the Kiseigan Belt. It is the name for the megalopolis in Teiko extending from Kamata Prefecture in the north all the way to Makoto Prefecture in the south, running for almost 1,200 km (750 mi), it is one of the biggest urban agglomerations in the world. As of 2014, it has an estimate of more than 55 million people.

Education
Main article: Education in Teiko

Education in Teiko was first formalized in 1895 after the Teiko-Japan War and has been since then an important factor for every Teikonian. One of the manifestations is that the Teiko government invests heavily in education. The Ministry of Budget and Finance allocates the second biggest budget to health and education services. The Teiko Regional Statistics Office reports a simple literacy rate of 96.5% and a functional literacy rate of 94.5% for 2010. Literacy is about equal for males and females. The Programme for International Student Assessment coordinated by the OECD currently ranks the overall knowledge and skills of Teikonian 15-year-olds as eight best in the world. Teikonian students consistently rank in the top ten in the world in the two major international assessments of mathematics and science knowledge, QPI and OECD.



The Ministry of Health, Education, Culture and Sports (HECS) lists 495 higher education institutions, 390 of which are public, 101 private and 4 are state universities. Classes start in August and end in May. The majority of colleges and universities follow a semester calendar with some exemptions of whose who follow a trimester system. There are a number of foreign schools with study programs and foreign exchange student initiatives. Republic Act No. 9163 gives the framework of basic education in Teiko and provides for free compulsory six years elementary, three year middle school and three year high school education. English and Sanese are both used as language of instruction in all institutions.

There is only one ministry that handles all matters related to education and the same ministry also handles health, cultural and sports development. Pursuant to provide better services, plans to create a single specific ministry was raised in the Central-46 in late 2013 and is currently being deliberated. As of the current structure, there are four major departments under the HECS that facilitates education development. The Department of Education covers elementary and non-formal education; the Department of Secondary Education handles both the middle school and high school education; the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) administers a more technical post-secondary middle-level education training and development; and the Department of Higher Education (CHED) supervises the college and graduate academic programs and degrees as well as regulates standards in higher education. Public universities are all non-sectarian entities, and are further classified as State University and College (SUC) or Local College and University (LCU). The Teiko National University is the national university of Teiko and has four campuses around the country and the University of Kaijou is the oldest educational institution in Teiko. Both universities are included in the top 20 universities in the world by OECD.

Health
Main article: Health in Teiko

Manga and Anime
Main article: Manga, Anime