Counter-Terrorism in Histalpol

Counter-terrorism in Histalpol is a series of measures implemented in Histalpol to detect and prevent terrorism as well as to minimise damage from such terrorist acts should they occur. These measurements involve all levels of society, including defence, internal security, border and infrastructure security, civil defence, medical readiness and psychological preparedness. Histalpol has experienced sustained terrorism threats from 1966 to 1992 during the Decades of Suspension and most recently in the 21st century from multiple groups, most prolifically the Righteous Independence Legion.

Timeline
These are the events related to terrorism and counter-terrorism in Histalpol. Also listed are major terrorist incidents in the world and in the British Isles along with other events in Histalpol not directly connected to terrorism and counter-terrorism hat have influenced counter-terrorism policies in Histalpol.

1946

 * the Histalian Action Rapide Paramilitaire (HARP) is offered to WW2 soldiers who still want to perform army duties while avoiding the many organised crime groups started by other WW2 soldiers.

1966

 * 21 May - Historians most accept this date as the start of the Decades of Suspension with the declaration of war between the Irish UVF and the IRA. This causing the organised crime groups to sell weapons to both sides.

1970

 * 18 May - Chancellor Milrun-Scott resigns in the wake of the 1970 Milrun-Scott Scandal after riots against his policies and most importantly the revelation that the Emerald Party took bribed to not allow anti-terrorism acts to end the Decades of Suspension to pass.

1971

 * The Civilian Crimson Guards are formed to fight against organised crime and replace the police and the Histalian Armée Territoriale in counter-terrorism tasks.

1972

 * After Bloody Friday in Northern Ireland and the ongoing Decades of Suspension, the Travel Status Ratings is formed.

1973

 * 22 November - Scholars indicate the escalation of the Decades of Suspension with a bombing outside a Industrielle Banque de Histalpol bank in Madison killing 5.

1977

 * 14 October - Mass Bombings on Histalian public transport kill 164 in the deadliest attack on Histalian soil by the Real Black Wealth Legion.

1980s

 * Histalian Action Rapide Paramilitaire and the Crimson Civil Guard are merged, with HARP taking up hostage rescuing, counter-terrorism and man-hunts from the CCG

1988

 * 21 December - The Lockerbie bombing occurs with the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 Clipper Maid of the Seas killing 243, making it the deadliest terror attack to happen in the United Kingdom.

1992

 * 21 August - The Forstole Agreement is signed leading to the end of the Decades of Suspension and the ceasing of the Crimson Civil Guards. A ban was also placed on automatic weapons and transporting and selling explosives in the agreement.

1997

 * August - Almost 5 years since the ban on automatic weapons, handguns and rifles are banned in an act to come from the large amount of mass murders in such a small space of time, including the Dunblane massacre, Kilmardford MarCus Massacre and the Port Arthur massacre in Australia.

2001

 * 11 September - The September 11 attacks occur with 2,996 deaths after hijackers crash aircraft into the World Trade Centre in New York, the Pentagon in Virginia and a failed hijacking over Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

2005

 * 30 April - the Righteous Independence Legion is formed from radical supporters of the Homeland Isolation League, itself an off-spring of political party Histalpol Parti Isolationist.
 * 5 May - The Righteous Independence Legion makes itself heard first claiming to an otherwise organised crime based attack on a cargo truck entering from the United Kingdom.
 * 7 July - The 7 July 2005 London bombings occur killing 56 including 4 suicide bombers. The attacks occur on London Underground trains at between Liverpool Street and Aldgate, Edgware Road, Russell Square and a bus at Tavistock Square.
 * 4 September - Ether Florian, an anti-monarchy activist, is arrested for plotting to attack a football match at Palais de Sports de Fountaine in Renné.

2010

 * 10 February - 16 people are killing in the 2010 Bastilia International Airport bombing as a bomb detonated outside of Bastilia International Airport. the Righteous Independence Legion claim responsibility, but others claim it was a Lone-Wolf terrorist.
 * leader and founder of the Righteous Independence Legion, Jaq Delancy-Ruth, and 5 other members of the Bastilia cell are arrested for the attack on Bastilia International Airport.

2012

 * 4 November - 126 die in a result of the crash of AtlantAir Flight 184 into the Rodina Tower in Nogovicka, Hiigara. An anonymous Anti-western group claim responsibility for the attack.

2013

 * 25 February - In a failed attempt to lower gun-crime, Minister of Security and Crime at the time Harrison Tabalo announces plans to allow police more control over searches of suspicious cars and properties without gaining warrants first.
 * 22 May - Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale murder Fusilier Drummer Lee Rigby outside of the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, London.
 * 5 June - The Righteous Independence Legion attack a military parade in the Tilmonry capital of Dilbwood, killing 17.
 * 28 October - New Minister of Security and Crime Damien Eulyssen (after Tabalo's resignation) creates an agency based on the UK's National Crime Agency called the Organised Crime Reduction Agency (OCRA) to specifically target organised crime and as a connected result, cut off any finance terrorist groups make from dealing with organised crime groups.

2014

 * 3 June - The terrorist behind the 2013 Dilbwood bombing and 2 members of his cell plead not guilty via video link in court. They are charged with 9 murders of civilians, 11 attempted murders and 5 murders of military personnel.

Counter-terrorism specialised units
At the forefront in the fight against terrorism are specialised military, law enforcement, and civil defence units, namely:


 * Histalian Action Rapide Paramilitaire (HARP)
 * Organised Crime Reduction Agency (OCRA)
 * Justice Defence Service (JDS)

Counter-intelligence
Counter-intelligence to terrorist threats is split into 3 organisations in Histalpol, with different aims to fulfil. The first counter-terrorism agency, the Foreign Relations Counter Intelligence Service (FRCIS), is fully foreign intelligence based and focuses on providing information and counter-intelligence from foreign threats such as threats from the Middle East and most recently from northern Africa from groups such as Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram.

The next counter-intelligence organisation is the Defence and Justice Intelligence Service (DaJIS). This organisation is split into two further organisations handling foreign and domestic counter-intelligence as well as different tasks in the government. These are titled the Defence Intelligence Service and the Justice Defence Service.

The Defence Intelligence Service (DIS) provides the Ministry of Defence and the foreign arm of the Histalian armed forces, the Armée des Affaires Étrangères with support of operations with intelligence on targets, threats and metaphorically the armies "eye in the sky".

The Justice Defence Service (JDS) is the nation's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and reports to the Ministry of Defence which is then used by the Histalian domestic armed forces, the Armée Territoriale and Histalian Action Rapide Paramilitaire.

Most recently, they have also been asked to report any financial findings connected to funds from organised crime to the Organised Crime Reduction Agency (ORCA) to assist with their target to reduce organised crime.

Counter-terrorism enforcement
The main enforcement agency in Histalpol is the Histalian Action Rapide Paramilitaire who are under the structure of the armed forces of Histalpol (Les forces armées de Histalpol) as a separate entity to the foreign and domestic wings (Armée des Affaires Étrangères and Armée Territoriale respectively). The group are a paramilitary that report directly to the Department of Infrastructure, the highest tier before the Vice Chancellor and Minister of Finance and Conductor of Budgets and is only equal to the Department of Economy. The organisation performs counter-terrorism actions among many other tasks on behalf of regular, uniformed police for high-risk events outside of the regular police's capabilities.

Actions they include for counter-terrorism include;
 * Patrols in addition to regular patrol units in areas of high crime frequency or suggested as a hub for terrorist activity by counter-intelligence from the Justice Defence Service.
 * Safeguarding VIP visitors and diplomats, events, parades, assemblies and other high-priority events.
 * Protection of the Royal Family and Monarch of Histalpol.
 * Customs and ports of entry control as well as airport security and security of border areas
 * Police deployments abroad including embassies, meetings and major culture and sporting events involving Histalpol (if invited to assist with protection of Histalians abroad)

The organisation itself has an offspring within to perform the highest-risk events in cooperation with the Armée Territoriale usually. These events include;
 * Explosive Ordnance Disposal
 * Counter-terrorism actions such as raids on properties and high-risk arrests
 * Hostage rescue for either releasing captive/s or to capture criminal/s
 * Coast guard duties beside the official Histalian coast guard on high profile call-outs

Organised Crime Reduction Agency
The Organised Crime Reduction Agency is only involved in cutting off funding for terrorism via organised crime. The group works in cooperation with Armée Territoriale on raids against properties thought to be holding terrorists connected to organised crime or organised crime groups who funds terrorist cells proving intelligence as well as man-power. They are also permitted to freeze assets with permission from the current Minister of Finance and Conductor of Budgets (currently Harold Namir).

Safety measures
After the September 11 attacks, large improvements to safety and security were implemented in airports and in aircraft, in aircraft including locking of the cockpit door during flight which only the pilots can open.

Public bins were removed from rail stations, airports and other ports of entry after the 2004 Madrid train bombings, later than when the UK implemented a similar measure but earlier than Scotland who implemented it after the 7 July London bombings. The improvements also brought along similar fittings on train-cab doors with the same safety features as airline cabin locking systems. The train's dead man's switch also works as a cut-off if a terrorist manages to get into the cab.

Bollards are placed outside of most public spaces and all government and royal buildings and residencies to remove threats of car/van or truck bombing. Because of HARP's frequent patrols of vulnerable areas, suspicious activity and vehicles will be more likely to be spotted and acted on.

Emergency services
First responders to a successful terrorist attack is usually HARP compared to fire-fighters and emergency medical personnel to provide preliminary first-aid and policing duties of the site. Fire-fighters and emergency medical personnel will offer a more detailed response and are suggested to plan to mitigate the effects of a terrorist attack as much as possible.

Emergency medical services will bring the most seriously affected to hospital which are by law required to have mass casuality and triage plans in place. Field hospitals are regularly practised to reduce the use of hospitals to avoid over-crowding.

Triage tag system
Histalpol implements a triage tagging system on victims similar to the system performed in Germany, but attempting cardiopulmonary resuscitation unless informed otherwise by medical records (all Histalians will state if they would want to be resuscitated in case of an emergency). The system Histalpol uses has 5 tags available for different levels of severity and every ambulance is equipped with a folder or bag of triage tags.


 * {| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"

! Colour ! Category ! Meaning ! Examples
 * style="background:black; color:white;" | Black
 * style="background:black; color:white;" |DOA || Patient is Dead On Arrival, used for collection and guarding of bodies || Medically dead on arrival
 * style="background:blue; color:white;" | Blue
 * style="background:blue; color:white;" |Expectant || Patient is not expected (small or no chance) to survive treatment || Severe injuries, Uncompensated blood loss
 * style="background:red; color:white;"   | Red
 * style="background:red; color:white;"|Immediate || Serious danger for death || Arterial lesions, Internal haemorrhage, Major amputations
 * style="background:yellow; color:black;" | Yellow
 * style="background:yellow; color:black;"|Non-Immediate || No danger for death but unable to support themselves || Minor amputations, Flesh wounds, Fractures and dislocations
 * style="background:green; color:white;" | Green
 * style="background:green; color:white;"|Minimal || Little to no injuries and are able to support themselves || Minor lacerations, Sprains, Abrasions
 * }
 * style="background:yellow; color:black;"|Non-Immediate || No danger for death but unable to support themselves || Minor amputations, Flesh wounds, Fractures and dislocations
 * style="background:green; color:white;" | Green
 * style="background:green; color:white;"|Minimal || Little to no injuries and are able to support themselves || Minor lacerations, Sprains, Abrasions
 * }
 * }

Terrorism preparation exercises
Taking inspirations from Singapore and it's counter-terrorism techniques, especially it's terrorist attacked preparedness with it's running of Exercise Northstar and Exercise Heartbeat. Histalpol performs it's own terrorist attack preparedness exercises by the way of Exercise Broadsword now on it's 4th incarnation since 2009, a break in 2010 for a specialised exercise in response to the Bastilia International Airport bombing named Exercise Rewind. Most recently, with the proposition of AINPol in the Alliance of Independent Nations, comes a proposed Exercise Aries which could include Histalpol if it signs to join the exercise and is picked at random from all of it's participants. As mentioned with emergency services, medical services frequently have exercises to set up field hospitals and triages.

Travel Status Ratings
The Travel Status Ratings was invented in 1972 after the Bloody Friday attack by the Provisional IRA with an attack consisting of 26 bombs killing 11 and injuring more than a hundred. This was also during the Decades of Suspension and so was drastically needed for it's time. It's main use is as a national security alert system and has been ebbing up and down the scale.

There are 7 levels to the ratings, which are;
 * /1 - Major private events occurring such as 2013 AINSummit.


 * 1 - No dangers with long gaps between last event meriting a raised alert level and the present. This is usually an average day.


 * 2 - No suspicion of crime or disaster but with short gaps in time (up to but not including 2 months) since the last attack that was merit-able for a rating in Histalpol, or Major Public Event occurring in area. Such as any AINVision Song Contest or after any terrorist attack where the risk has fallen.


 * 3 - Minimal Risk Natural & Man-made Disasters, Confirmed Knowledge of a Major Crime, Major Public Event Occurring. This is such as a plane or train incident, the 21 July 2005 London bombings or a parade for a public celebration.


 * 4 - Medium Risk Natural & Man-made Disasters, Aftermath of Major Crime. This is such as the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull or the manhunts for Raul Moat or the Boston Bombers.


 * 5 - High Risk Man-Made Disasters, Possible Concentrated Bacterial & Chemical Spread, Knowledge of Serious Crime. Such as Bhopal disaster, Tokyo subway Sarin attack or the 2005 Renné Stadium bomb plot.


 * 5* - High Risk Natural Disasters, Confirmed Concentrated Bacterial & Chemical Spread, Aftermath of Serious Crime. Examples of this are floods, Bhopal disaster, 2008 Mumbai attacks and the September 11 attacks.

There has only been 4 occasions when the rating has been set to 5* including;


 * After the 1977 Mass public transport bombings during the Decades of Suspension.
 * After the September 11 attacks.
 * After the 7 July 2005 London bombings.
 * And after the attack on Bastilia International Airport.

In all occasions public transport in the areas affected, usually nation-wide were immediately stopped.

Current issues facing Histalpol in terrorism
The AIN Terrorism Index is a measurement of how prolific terrorism is in AIN nations in a space of 10 years (2004-2014). Histalpol's index rating was calculated as 1.00, in the Orange bracket meaning that terrorist incidents in Histalpol are common and deadly and can be seen as a large problem, especially since it's borderline Red bracket.

The main issue facing Histalpol current in terrorism is the string of radical isolationist attacks committed by the Righteous Independence Legion and the protests occurring with other groups supporting the same ideal. The issue started with the stepping-down of Chancellor Hayden Bolton and the election of fellow party member Gilbert McKemmy who took a weaker approach to isolationism and angered many of the parties supporters. Since then there have been two attacks attributed to the Righteous Independence Legion.

As of 2013, there has been a rising issue along with the rest of Western Europe of young Muslims joining Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Syria and Iraq to participate in the on-going civil wars there. Government officials are worried that these radicalised Muslims will return to Histalpol undetected and commit attacks against other nations, an issue shared with the United Kingdom.

A third issue that has been identified by think tanks and government officials is the rise of the lone wolf terrorist in Western Europe and the US. They suggest a rise in deadly attacks recently from lone wolf terrorist and cells such as Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale, Anders Breivik and Histalpol's own Ether Florian. These attacks have been diverse in motive and so cannot be easily reduced as anything planned to reduce it would need to span all demographics.